{
  "courses": [
    {
      "id": "clx4a1b2c0001qrstuvwxyz01",
      "slug": "basics-of-prayer-salah",
      "title": "Basics of Prayer (Salah)",
      "author": "Ustadh Ahmad Al-Misri",
      "description": "A comprehensive beginner-friendly course covering the fundamentals of Islamic prayer \u2014 from purification (taharah) to the complete steps of salah, including obligatory acts, sunnah practices, and common mistakes.",
      "imageUrl": "/images/courses/basics-of-prayer.jpg",
      "moduleCount": 4,
      "totalMinutes": 35,
      "difficulty": "beginner",
      "giteaPath": "courses/basics-of-prayer-salah",
      "priceFlh": null,
      "priceUsd": null,
      "subscriptionOnly": false,
      "published": true,
      "createdAt": "2026-06-01T08:00:00.000Z",
      "updatedAt": "2026-06-20T12:00:00.000Z",
      "modules": [
        {
          "id": "clx4a1b2c0002qrstuvwxyz01",
          "courseId": "clx4a1b2c0001qrstuvwxyz01",
          "order": 1,
          "title": "Purification (Taharah)",
          "slug": "purification-taharah",
          "keyTakeaway": "Understanding wudu, ghusl, and najasah is the foundation of valid prayer. Without proper purification, salah is not accepted.",
          "duration": 10,
          "content": "## Purification (Taharah)\n\nTaharah (purification) is half of faith. Before a Muslim can stand before Allah in prayer, they must be in a state of physical and spiritual cleanliness.\n\n### Types of Purification\n\n1. **Wudu (Ablution)** \u2014 Required before salah, touching the Quran, and circumambulating the Ka'bah.\n2. **Ghusl (Full Bath)** \u2014 Required after janabah (major impurity), menstruation, and postpartum bleeding.\n3. **Tayammum (Dry Ablution)** \u2014 A substitute using clean earth when water is unavailable or harmful.\n\n### Steps of Wudu\n1. Intention (Niyyah)\n2. Washing hands (3x)\n3. Rinsing mouth (3x)\n4. Cleaning nostrils (3x)\n5. Washing face (3x)\n6. Washing arms to elbows (3x, right then left)\n7. Wiping head (1x)\n8. Wiping ears (1x)\n9. Washing feet to ankles (3x, right then left)\n\n### Nullifiers of Wudu\n- Natural discharges (urine, stool, wind)\n- Deep sleep\n- Loss of consciousness\n- Touching private parts directly\n\n> **Tip:** Always say *Bismillah* before starting wudu.",
          "audioPath": null,
          "quizData": "[{\"question\":\"What is the FIRST step of wudu?\",\"options\":[\"Washing the face\",\"Intention (Niyyah)\",\"Washing the hands\",\"Rinsing the mouth\"],\"correctIndex\":1},{\"question\":\"Which of the following NULLIFIES wudu?\",\"options\":[\"Eating with the right hand\",\"Deep sleep\",\"Reciting Quran\",\"Walking to the mosque\"],\"correctIndex\":1},{\"question\":\"Tayammum is performed when:\",\"options\":[\"Water is cold\",\"No water is available or water is harmful\",\"One is in a hurry\",\"One forgets the du'a\"],\"correctIndex\":1},{\"question\":\"How many times are the hands washed in wudu?\",\"options\":[\"Once\",\"Twice\",\"Three times\",\"Four times\"],\"correctIndex\":2}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-01T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-10T10:00:00.000Z"
        },
        {
          "id": "clx4a1b2c0003qrstuvwxyz01",
          "courseId": "clx4a1b2c0001qrstuvwxyz01",
          "order": 2,
          "title": "The Conditions & Pillars of Salah",
          "slug": "conditions-pillars-salah",
          "keyTakeaway": "Salah has 9 conditions (shurut) and 13 pillars (arkan). Missing any pillar invalidates the prayer; missing a condition means the prayer never began.",
          "duration": 10,
          "content": "## The Conditions & Pillars of Salah\n\n### Conditions of Salah (Shurut \u2014 prerequisites before beginning)\n\n1. **Islam** \u2014 Only a Muslim's prayer is valid.\n2. **Sanity ('Aql)** \u2014 Must be of sound mind.\n3. **Discernment (Tamyiz)** \u2014 Age/ability to understand the prayer.\n4. **Removal of impurity (Raf' al-Hadath)** \u2014 Wudu or ghusl.\n5. **Removal of najasah** \u2014 Clean clothes, body, and place.\n6. **Covering the 'awrah** \u2014 Men: navel to knees. Women: entire body except face and hands.\n7. **Facing the Qiblah** \u2014 Toward the Ka'bah in Makkah.\n8. **Entering the correct time** \u2014 Each salah has a specific window.\n9. **Intention (Niyyah)** \u2014 In the heart, not spoken.\n\n### Pillars of Salah (Arkan \u2014 essential acts)\n\n1. Standing (Qiyam) \u2014 if able\n2. Opening Takbir (Allahu Akbar)\n3. Reciting Al-Fatihah\n4. Ruku' (bowing)\n5. Standing after Ruku'\n6. Sujud (prostration) on 7 bones\n7. Sitting between two prostrations\n8. Final Tashahhud\n9. Sitting for Tashahhud\n10. Salawat upon the Prophet\n11. Taslim (saying Salam)\n12. Tranquility (Tuma'ninah) in each pillar\n13. Correct order\n\n> **Note:** Missing a pillar on purpose or forgetfully requires repeating the prayer.",
          "audioPath": null,
          "quizData": "[{\"question\":\"How many conditions (shurut) must be met before salah begins?\",\"options\":[\"5\",\"7\",\"9\",\"13\"],\"correctIndex\":2},{\"question\":\"Which of the following is a PILLAR (rukn) of salah?\",\"options\":[\"Facing the Qiblah\",\"Covering the 'awrah\",\"Reciting Al-Fatihah\",\"Being in a clean place\"],\"correctIndex\":2},{\"question\":\"What does 'tuma'ninah' mean in the context of salah?\",\"options\":[\"Facing the right direction\",\"Tranquility and stillness in each posture\",\"Reciting in a loud voice\",\"Raising the hands\"],\"correctIndex\":1},{\"question\":\"What is the minimum covering ('awrah) for men in salah?\",\"options\":[\"Shoulders to knees\",\"Navel to knees\",\"Full body except face\",\"Chest to thighs\"],\"correctIndex\":1}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-02T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-10T10:00:00.000Z"
        },
        {
          "id": "clx4a1b2c0004qrstuvwxyz01",
          "courseId": "clx4a1b2c0001qrstuvwxyz01",
          "order": 3,
          "title": "Step-by-Step Guide to Praying",
          "slug": "step-by-step-praying",
          "keyTakeaway": "Every movement and recitation in salah has a purpose. Mastering the physical postures and the meanings of the words deepens your connection with Allah.",
          "duration": 10,
          "content": "## Step-by-Step Guide to Praying\n\n### 1. Standing (Qiyam)\nFace the Qiblah, feet shoulder-width apart, gaze at the place of sujud.\n\n### 2. Opening Takbir\nRaise both hands to your ears (men) or shoulders (women) and say **Allahu Akbar**.\n\n### 3. Opening Du'a (Thana')\n> *Subhanaka Allahumma wa bihamdika, wa tabarakasmuka, wa ta'ala jadduka, wa la ilaha ghayruk.*\n\n### 4. Recitation of Al-Fatihah\nRecite Surah Al-Fatihah in every rak'ah. Then recite any additional surah or verses.\n\n### 5. Ruku' (Bowing)\nBend at the waist, back flat, hands on knees. Say **Subhana Rabbiyal 'Adhim** (3x).\n\n### 6. Standing from Ruku'\nSay **Sami'Allahu liman hamidah, Rabbana lakal hamd**.\n\n### 7. Sujud (Prostration)\nGo down with your knees first, then hands, then forehead and nose. Say **Subhana Rabbiyal A'la** (3x).\n\n### 8. Between the Two Prostrations\nSit up straight, say **Rabbi ghfir li, Rabbi ghfir li**.\n\n### 9. Second Sujud \u2014 same as the first.\n\n### 10. Tashahhud (in the 2nd and final rak'ah)\n> *At-tahiyyatu lillahi was-salawatu wat-tayyibat...*\n\n### 11. Taslim\nTurn right: **Assalamu 'alaykum wa rahmatullah**. Then turn left: same.\n\n> **Practice tip:** Pray two rak'ahs of voluntary prayer daily until the movements become natural.",
          "audioPath": null,
          "quizData": "[{\"question\":\"What is recited during ruku'?\",\"options\":[\"Sami'Allahu liman hamidah\",\"Subhana Rabbiyal 'Adhim\",\"Subhana Rabbiyal A'la\",\"Rabbi ghfir li\"],\"correctIndex\":1},{\"question\":\"What is recited between the two prostrations?\",\"options\":[\"Subhana Rabbiyal A'la\",\"Rabbana lakal hamd\",\"Rabbi ghfir li\",\"Allahu Akbar\"],\"correctIndex\":2},{\"question\":\"How many rak'ahs are in Fajr prayer?\",\"options\":[\"2\",\"3\",\"4\",\"1\"],\"correctIndex\":0},{\"question\":\"During sujud, how many body parts should touch the ground?\",\"options\":[\"5\",\"6\",\"7\",\"8\"],\"correctIndex\":2}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-03T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-10T10:00:00.000Z"
        },
        {
          "id": "clx4a1b2c0005qrstuvwxyz01",
          "courseId": "clx4a1b2c0001qrstuvwxyz01",
          "order": 4,
          "title": "Common Mistakes & How to Avoid Them",
          "slug": "common-mistakes-salah",
          "keyTakeaway": "Many Muslims unknowingly make errors in salah that can reduce its reward or invalidate it. Awareness is the first step to correction.",
          "duration": 5,
          "content": "## Common Mistakes & How to Avoid Them\n\n### 1. Rushing through Salah\nMany pray so quickly that there is no tranquility (tuma'ninah). **Fix:** Pause between each movement.\n\n### 2. Not Reciting Al-Fatihah Properly\nSkipping verses, mispronouncing, or reciting too fast. **Fix:** Learn tajweed rules for Al-Fatihah.\n\n### 3. Looking Around\nEyes wandering during prayer. **Fix:** Fix your gaze on the place of sujud.\n\n### 4. Crossing the Sutrah Line\nWalking in front of someone praying. **Fix:** Place a sutrah (barrier) in front of you.\n\n### 5. Praying When Food is Served\nThe Prophet \ufdfa said: \"No prayer when food is served.\" **Fix:** Eat first, then pray with calmness.\n\n### 6. Moving Before the Imam (in congregation)\n**Fix:** Follow the imam, never precede him.\n\n### 7. Incorrect Posture in Sujud\nNot placing all seven bones (forehead, nose, two hands, two knees, two feet).\n\n### 8. Forgetting the Obligatory Acts (Wajibat)\nE.g., saying the first tashahhud. **Fix:** Perform sujud as-sahw (prostration of forgetfulness).\n\n> **Key takeaway:** The Prophet \ufdfa said, *\"Pray as you have seen me praying.\"* Use this hadith as your benchmark.",
          "audioPath": null,
          "quizData": "[{\"question\":\"What is sujud as-sahw?\",\"options\":[\"An extra prayer at night\",\"Prostration of forgetfulness to correct mistakes in salah\",\"A type of voluntary prayer\",\"Prostration during Quran recitation\"],\"correctIndex\":1},{\"question\":\"What should you do if food is served and you want to pray?\",\"options\":[\"Pray quickly and then eat\",\"Eat first, then pray\",\"Skip the prayer\",\"Pray while eating\"],\"correctIndex\":1},{\"question\":\"How many bones should touch the ground in sujud?\",\"options\":[\"5\",\"6\",\"7\",\"8\"],\"correctIndex\":2},{\"question\":\"What does 'tuma'ninah' prevent in salah?\",\"options\":[\"Loud recitation\",\"Rushing through movements\",\"Forgetting the Qiblah\",\"Missing the congregation\"],\"correctIndex\":1}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-04T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-10T10:00:00.000Z"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "clx4a1b2c0006qrstuvwxyz01",
      "slug": "understanding-fiqh",
      "title": "Understanding Fiqh: Principles & Practice",
      "author": "Dr. Layla bint Hassan",
      "description": "An intermediate-level course on the science of Islamic jurisprudence. Covers the sources of Shari'ah, the four schools of thought, maqasid al-shari'ah, and practical application through usul al-fiqh methodology.",
      "imageUrl": "/images/courses/understanding-fiqh.jpg",
      "moduleCount": 4,
      "totalMinutes": 50,
      "difficulty": "intermediate",
      "giteaPath": "courses/understanding-fiqh",
      "priceFlh": 250,
      "priceUsd": null,
      "subscriptionOnly": false,
      "published": true,
      "createdAt": "2026-06-05T08:00:00.000Z",
      "updatedAt": "2026-06-22T14:00:00.000Z",
      "modules": [
        {
          "id": "clx4a1b2c0007qrstuvwxyz01",
          "courseId": "clx4a1b2c0006qrstuvwxyz01",
          "order": 1,
          "title": "Introduction to Usul al-Fiqh",
          "slug": "introduction-usul-al-fiqh",
          "keyTakeaway": "Usul al-fiqh is the methodology by which jurists derive rulings from the primary sources. Without usul, fiqh becomes arbitrary opinion.",
          "duration": 15,
          "content": "## Introduction to Usul al-Fiqh\n\nUsul al-Fiqh (Principles of Jurisprudence) is the framework that governs how Islamic rulings are derived from their sources.\n\n### The Primary Sources (Adillah al-Asliyyah)\n\n1. **The Quran** \u2014 The verbatim word of Allah, the primary source.\n2. **The Sunnah** \u2014 The teachings, actions, and approvals of the Prophet \ufdfa.\n\n### The Secondary Sources (Adillah al-Tabi'ah)\n\n3. **Ijma' (Consensus)** \u2014 Agreement of qualified scholars on a ruling.\n4. **Qiyas (Analogical Reasoning)** \u2014 Extending a ruling from an original case to a new case due to shared cause ('illah).\n\n### Other Evidences (controversial among schools)\n- **Istihsan (Juridical Preference)** \u2014 Preferred by Hanafi school.\n- **Maslahah Mursalah (Public Interest)** \u2014 Preferred by Maliki school.\n- **'Urf (Custom)** \u2014 Considered when no explicit text exists.\n- **Sadd al-Dhara'i' (Blocking the Means)** \u2014 Preferred by Hanbali school.\n- **Qawl al-Sahabi (Companion's Opinion)** \u2014 Various levels of acceptance.\n\n### The Five Rulings (Al-Ahkam al-Khamsah)\n1. **Wajib / Fard** \u2014 Obligatory (rewarded, sin if left)\n2. **Mandub / Mustahabb** \u2014 Recommended (rewarded, no sin if left)\n3. **Mubah / Halal** \u2014 Permissible (no reward or sin)\n4. **Makruh** \u2014 Disliked (rewarded if left, no sin if done)\n5. **Haram** \u2014 Forbidden (sin if done, rewarded if left)\n\n> **The goal of usul:** To ensure that rulings are derived systematically, not based on personal desire.",
          "audioPath": null,
          "quizData": "[{\"question\":\"Which of the following is a PRIMARY source of Islamic law?\",\"options\":[\"Qiyas\",\"Ijma'\",\"The Quran\",\"Istihsan\"],\"correctIndex\":2},{\"question\":\"What does 'Wajib' mean in the five rulings?\",\"options\":[\"Recommended\",\"Permissible\",\"Obligatory\",\"Forbidden\"],\"correctIndex\":2},{\"question\":\"Qiyas (analogical reasoning) requires a shared what between the original case and the new case?\",\"options\":[\"Text\",\"Custom\",\"Cause ('illah)\",\"Time period\"],\"correctIndex\":2},{\"question\":\"How many primary sources are agreed upon by all four schools?\",\"options\":[\"Two (Quran and Sunnah)\",\"Four (adding Ijma' and Qiyas)\",\"Five (adding Istihsan)\",\"Three (Quran, Sunnah, Ijma')\"],\"correctIndex\":0}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-05T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-15T10:00:00.000Z"
        },
        {
          "id": "clx4a1b2c0008qrstuvwxyz01",
          "courseId": "clx4a1b2c0006qrstuvwxyz01",
          "order": 2,
          "title": "The Four Schools of Thought (Madhahib)",
          "slug": "four-schools-madhahib",
          "keyTakeaway": "The four Sunni madhahib are not sects but methodologies. All are valid, and Muslims may follow any school with respect for the others.",
          "duration": 15,
          "content": "## The Four Schools of Thought (Madhahib)\n\n### 1. Hanafi School \u2014 Founded by Imam Abu Hanifah (d. 150 AH)\n- Most widespread school geographically (Turkey, Balkans, Indian subcontinent, Central Asia)\n- Heavy reliance on **ra'y (reason)** and **qiyas**\n- Known for extensive use of **istihsan**\n- School of the Ottoman Empire and Mughal Empire\n\n### 2. Maliki School \u2014 Founded by Imam Malik (d. 179 AH)\n- Dominant in North and West Africa\n- Strong reliance on **'amal ahl al-Madinah** (practice of the people of Madinah)\n- Considers **maslahah mursalah** (public interest) as a source\n- Known for the Muwatta' \u2014 the earliest surviving compilation of hadith and fiqh\n\n### 3. Shafi'i School \u2014 Founded by Imam Al-Shafi'i (d. 204 AH)\n- Dominant in East Africa, Yemen, Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia)\n- Considered the \"father of usul al-fiqh\" for writing *Al-Risalah*\n- Balances textual evidence with qiyas; rejects istihsan\n- Follows the stronger position on hadith authenticity\n\n### 4. Hanbali School \u2014 Founded by Imam Ahmad (d. 241 AH)\n- Dominant in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf\n- Most strict adherence to **zahir (literal meaning)** of texts\n- Minimal use of qiyas; prefers weak hadith over qiyas\n- Official school of modern-day Saudi Arabia\n\n### Can one switch between schools?\nYes, but scholars advise consistency within one school for daily practice unless a genuine need arises.\n\n> **Respect for all schools:** \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u2014 \"The differences among my ummah are a mercy.\"",
          "audioPath": null,
          "quizData": "[{\"question\":\"Which school heavily relies on the practice of the people of Madinah ('amal ahl al-Madinah)?\",\"options\":[\"Hanafi\",\"Maliki\",\"Shafi'i\",\"Hanbali\"],\"correctIndex\":1},{\"question\":\"Imam Al-Shafi'i is known for authoring which foundational work?\",\"options\":[\"Al-Muwatta'\",\"Al-Risalah\",\"Al-Umm\",\"Musnad Ahmad\"],\"correctIndex\":1},{\"question\":\"Which school is most prevalent in Southeast Asia?\",\"options\":[\"Hanafi\",\"Maliki\",\"Shafi'i\",\"Hanbali\"],\"correctIndex\":2},{\"question\":\"Which school was the official school of the Ottoman Empire?\",\"options\":[\"Hanafi\",\"Maliki\",\"Shafi'i\",\"Hanbali\"],\"correctIndex\":0}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-06T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-15T10:00:00.000Z"
        },
        {
          "id": "clx4a1b2c0009qrstuvwxyz01",
          "courseId": "clx4a1b2c0006qrstuvwxyz01",
          "order": 3,
          "title": "Maqasid al-Shari'ah (Higher Objectives)",
          "slug": "maqasid-al-shariah",
          "keyTakeaway": "Every ruling in the Shari'ah is designed to preserve one of five essential human necessities. Understanding maqasid unlocks the wisdom behind Islamic law.",
          "duration": 10,
          "content": "## Maqasid al-Shari'ah (Higher Objectives of Islamic Law)\n\n### The Five Essential Necessities (Al-Daruriyyat al-Khams)\n\n1. **Preservation of Religion (Hifz al-Din)**\n   - Freedom of belief\n   - Obligation to pray, fast, give zakah\n   - Defending the faith\n\n2. **Preservation of Life (Hifz al-Nafs)**\n   - Prohibition of murder\n   - Laws of retribution (qisas)\n   - Permissibility of eating haram food in dire necessity\n\n3. **Preservation of Intellect (Hifz al-'Aql)**\n   - Prohibition of intoxicants\n   - Encouragement of seeking knowledge\n\n4. **Preservation of Lineage (Hifz al-Nasl)**\n   - Laws of marriage and family\n   - Prohibition of zina (adultery)\n   - Rules of inheritance\n\n5. **Preservation of Wealth (Hifz al-Mal)**\n   - Prohibition of theft and bribery\n   - Laws of trade and contracts\n   - Zakah as wealth purification\n\n### Levels of Objectives\n1. **Daruriyyat (Necessities)** \u2014 Must be protected for life to function\n2. **Hajiyyat (Needs)** \u2014 Needed to remove hardship (e.g., loans, leasing)\n3. **Tahsiniyyat (Luxuries/Improvements)** \u2014 To beautify life (e.g., good food, nice clothes)\n\n> **Example:** Alcohol is haram because it destroys the intellect ('aql), which is one of the five essentials. However, if a person is dying of thirst and only alcohol is available, it becomes permissible to preserve life (hifz al-nafs).",
          "audioPath": null,
          "quizData": "[{\"question\":\"How many essential human necessities (daruriyyat) does the Shari'ah aim to preserve?\",\"options\":[\"Three\",\"Four\",\"Five\",\"Seven\"],\"correctIndex\":2},{\"question\":\"Which necessity is protected by prohibiting intoxicants?\",\"options\":[\"Religion\",\"Life\",\"Intellect\",\"Wealth\"],\"correctIndex\":2},{\"question\":\"Zakah is primarily aimed at preserving which necessity?\",\"options\":[\"Religion\",\"Lineage\",\"Wealth\",\"Intellect\"],\"correctIndex\":2},{\"question\":\"The permissibility of eating haram food in a life-threatening situation falls under which principle?\",\"options\":[\"Necessity permits the prohibited\",\"Custom is a source of law\",\"Certainty is not overruled by doubt\",\"Hardship brings ease\"],\"correctIndex\":0}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-07T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-15T10:00:00.000Z"
        },
        {
          "id": "clx4a1b2c0010qrstuvwxyz01",
          "courseId": "clx4a1b2c0006qrstuvwxyz01",
          "order": 4,
          "title": "Practical Fiqh: Daily Life Rulings",
          "slug": "practical-fiqh-daily-life",
          "keyTakeaway": "Fiqh is not just theory \u2014 it governs every aspect of daily Muslim life from food to finance. Knowing the rulings makes worship and transactions valid.",
          "duration": 10,
          "content": "## Practical Fiqh: Daily Life Rulings\n\n### Food & Drink\n- **Halal animals:** All seafood (Hanafi differs), cattle, sheep, goats, chicken (when slaughtered Islamically)\n- **Zabihah (Islamic slaughter):** Cut throat, mention Allah's name, drain blood\n- **Haram:** Pork, blood, carrion, animals not slaughtered in Allah's name, intoxicants\n\n### Dress Code\n- **Men:** Must cover navel to knees. Silk and gold are prohibited.\n- **Women:** Must cover entire body except face and hands in front of non-mahram. No tight or transparent clothing.\n\n### Financial Transactions (Mu'amalat)\n- **Riba (Interest)** \u2014 Absolutely haram, whether giving or taking\n- **Gharar (Excessive uncertainty)** \u2014 Invalidates contracts\n- **Zakah** \u2014 2.5% on wealth held for one lunar year\n\n### Marriage (Nikah)\n- Pillars: Offer (ijab), acceptance (qabul), guardian (wali), two witnesses, mahr (dowry)\n- Conditions: Mutual consent, no impediments\n\n### Hygiene\n- **Istinja'** \u2014 Cleaning after using the toilet (water preferred)\n- **Siwak** \u2014 Using miswak toothstick is sunnah before every prayer\n\n> **Golden rule in fiqh:** *Al-Aslu fi al-ashya' al-ibahah* \u2014 The default ruling for all things is permissibility, unless proven otherwise.",
          "audioPath": null,
          "quizData": "[{\"question\":\"What is the default ruling for things in Islam?\",\"options\":[\"Forbidden unless proven otherwise\",\"Permissible unless proven otherwise\",\"Recommended\",\"Neutral\"],\"correctIndex\":1},{\"question\":\"Which of the following is haram in financial transactions?\",\"options\":[\"Partnerships\",\"Riba (interest)\",\"Trade with mutual consent\",\"Leasing\"],\"correctIndex\":1},{\"question\":\"How much zakah is due on wealth held for one lunar year?\",\"options\":[\"1%\",\"2.5%\",\"5%\",\"10%\"],\"correctIndex\":1},{\"question\":\"Men are prohibited from wearing which material?\",\"options\":[\"Cotton\",\"Wool\",\"Silk\",\"Linen\"],\"correctIndex\":2}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-08T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-15T10:00:00.000Z"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "clx4a1b2c0011qrstuvwxyz01",
      "slug": "quranic-arabic-grammar",
      "title": "Quranic Arabic: Grammar & Morphology",
      "author": "Sh. Muhammad Al-Idrisi",
      "description": "An advanced course on the grammar (nahw) and morphology (sarf) of Classical Arabic as used in the Quran. Students will learn to analyze Quranic verses grammatically and understand the precise meanings conveyed through verb forms, cases, and sentence structures.",
      "imageUrl": "/images/courses/quranic-arabic.jpg",
      "moduleCount": 4,
      "totalMinutes": 60,
      "difficulty": "advanced",
      "giteaPath": "courses/quranic-arabic-grammar",
      "priceFlh": null,
      "priceUsd": null,
      "subscriptionOnly": true,
      "published": true,
      "createdAt": "2026-06-10T08:00:00.000Z",
      "updatedAt": "2026-06-25T16:00:00.000Z",
      "modules": [
        {
          "id": "clx4a1b2c0012qrstuvwxyz01",
          "courseId": "clx4a1b2c0011qrstuvwxyz01",
          "order": 1,
          "title": "Introduction to Arabic Grammar (Nahw)",
          "slug": "intro-arabic-grammar-nahw",
          "keyTakeaway": "Arabic sentences are either nominal (jumla ismiyyah) or verbal (jumla fi'liyyah). Understanding the three parts of speech \u2014 noun, verb, particle \u2014 is the foundation of nahw.",
          "duration": 15,
          "content": "## Introduction to Arabic Grammar (Nahw)\n\n### The Three Parts of Speech\n\n1. **Ism (Noun/\u0627\u0633\u0645)** \u2014 A word that has meaning in itself without being tied to time.\n   - Examples: \u0631\u062c\u0644 (man), \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 (book), \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f (mosque)\n   - Includes pronouns, adjectives, and proper nouns\n\n2. **Fi'l (Verb/\u0641\u0639\u0644)** \u2014 An action linked to a time.\n   - \u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a (past): \u0643\u062a\u0628 (he wrote)\n   - \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0639 (present/future): \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 (he writes/will write)\n   - \u0623\u0645\u0631 (command): \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0628 (write!)\n\n3. **Harf (Particle/\u062d\u0631\u0641)** \u2014 A word with no meaning by itself.\n   - Examples: \u0641\u064a (in), \u0639\u0644\u0649 (on), \u0645\u0646 (from), \u0647\u0644 (question particle)\n\n### Nominal vs. Verbal Sentences\n\n**Nominal Sentence (\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629)**\n- Begins with a noun\n- Has two parts: \u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0623 (subject/topic) + \u062e\u0628\u0631 (predicate)\n- Example: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u064f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064c (The house is big)\n- Both are in nominative case (\u0631\u0641\u0639)\n\n**Verbal Sentence (\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629)**\n- Begins with a verb\n- Has three parts: \u0641\u0639\u0644 (verb) + \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 (subject/doer) + \u0645\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 (object) \u2014 optional\n- Example: \u0643\u062a\u0628\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064e (The student wrote the lesson)\n\n### I'rab (Case Endings)\n- **Nominative (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639)** \u2014 Default case for subjects \u2014 marked by dammah (\u0640\u064f)\n- **Accusative (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0628)** \u2014 Objects and certain particles \u2014 marked by fatha (\u0640\u064e)\n- **Genitive (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631)** \u2014 After prepositions and possession \u2014 marked by kasra (\u0640\u0650)\n\n> **Key insight:** A single dammah vs. fatha changes the entire grammatical role of a word in the verse. This is why nahw is essential for understanding the Quran.",
          "audioPath": null,
          "quizData": "[{\"question\":\"What are the three parts of speech in Arabic?\",\"options\":[\"Noun, verb, adjective\",\"Noun, verb, particle\",\"Subject, verb, object\",\"Past, present, command\"],\"correctIndex\":1},{\"question\":\"A nominal sentence (jumlah ismiyyah) begins with:\",\"options\":[\"A verb\",\"A particle\",\"A noun\",\"An adverb\"],\"correctIndex\":2},{\"question\":\"Which case ending (i'rab) marks the subject (fa'il) of a verb?\",\"options\":[\"Nominative (raf') with dammah\",\"Accusative (nasb) with fatha\",\"Genitive (jarr) with kasra\",\"Jussive (jazm) with sukun\"],\"correctIndex\":0},{\"question\":\"In the sentence '\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064e', what case is '\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064e'?\",\"options\":[\"Nominative\",\"Accusative\",\"Genitive\",\"Jussive\"],\"correctIndex\":1}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-10T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-18T10:00:00.000Z"
        },
        {
          "id": "clx4a1b2c0013qrstuvwxyz01",
          "courseId": "clx4a1b2c0011qrstuvwxyz01",
          "order": 2,
          "title": "Verb Morphology (Sarf): The Root System",
          "slug": "verb-morphology-sarf-root-system",
          "keyTakeaway": "Classical Arabic verbs are built on a three-consonant root system. Changing the pattern (wazn) changes the meaning systematically \u2014 this is sarf.",
          "duration": 15,
          "content": "## Verb Morphology (Sarf): The Root System\n\n### The Arabic Root System\n\nAlmost every word in Arabic derives from a **three-consonant root** (\u062c\u0630\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a). The root carries the core meaning, and various patterns (\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646) are applied to create related words.\n\n**Example: Root \u0643-\u062a-\u0628 (k-t-b) \u2014 Writing**\n\n| Pattern | Word | Meaning |\n|---------|------|---------|\n| \u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e | \u0643\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e | He wrote |\n| \u0641\u0627\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e | \u0643\u0627\u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e | He corresponded |\n| \u0623\u0641\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e | \u0623\u0643\u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e | He dictated |\n| \u062a\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0651\u0644\u064e | \u062a\u064e\u0643\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0628\u064e | He wrote to each other |\n| \u0627\u0650\u0641\u062a\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e | \u0627\u0650\u0643\u062a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e | He copied / registered |\n| \u0645\u064e\u0641\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064c | \u0645\u064e\u0643\u062a\u064e\u0628\u064c | Office / desk |\n| \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0650\u0644\u064c | \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0628\u064c | Writer (subject noun) |\n| \u0645\u064e\u0641\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064c | \u0645\u064e\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u064c | Written (object noun) |\n\n### The Ten Standard Verb Forms (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629)\n\n1. **\u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e** \u2014 Base form (e.g., \u0646\u064e\u0635\u064e\u0631\u064e \u2014 he helped)\n2. **\u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0651\u0644\u064e** \u2014 Intensification (e.g., \u0643\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0631\u064e \u2014 he smashed)\n3. **\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e** \u2014 Mutual action (e.g., \u0636\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0628\u064e \u2014 he fought)\n4. **\u0623\u0641\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e** \u2014 Causative (e.g., \u0623\u0643\u0631\u064e\u0645\u064e \u2014 he honored)\n5. **\u062a\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0651\u0644\u064e** \u2014 Reflexive (e.g., \u062a\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e \u2014 he learned)\n6. **\u062a\u064e\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e** \u2014 Mutual/reciprocal (e.g., \u062a\u064e\u0642\u0627\u062a\u064e\u0644\u064e \u2014 they fought each other)\n7. **\u0627\u0650\u0646\u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e** \u2014 Passive (e.g., \u0627\u0650\u0646\u0643\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0631\u064e \u2014 it broke)\n8. **\u0627\u0650\u0641\u062a\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e** \u2014 Reflective/self (e.g., \u0627\u0650\u062c\u062a\u064e\u0647\u064e\u062f\u064e \u2014 he strived)\n9. **\u0627\u0650\u0641\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651** \u2014 Colors/defects (e.g., \u0627\u0650\u062d\u0645\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0651 \u2014 it turned red)\n10. **\u0627\u0650\u0633\u062a\u064e\u0641\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e** \u2014 Request/estimation (e.g., \u0627\u0650\u0633\u062a\u064e\u063a\u0641\u064e\u0631\u064e \u2014 he asked for forgiveness)\n\n> **Quranic example:** The root \u0631-\u062d-\u0645 (mercy) appears across multiple forms: \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0629 (mercy), \u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 (merciful), \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 (the Most Merciful), \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0645 (he begged for mercy).",
          "audioPath": null,
          "quizData": "[{\"question\":\"Most Arabic words are built on how many consonant letters?\",\"options\":[\"Two\",\"Three\",\"Four\",\"Five\"],\"correctIndex\":1},{\"question\":\"Verb Form IV (\u0623\u0641\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e) generally indicates what?\",\"options\":[\"Intensification\",\"Mutual action\",\"Causative\",\"Passive\"],\"correctIndex\":2},{\"question\":\"Form VIII (\u0627\u0650\u0641\u062a\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e) is often used for:\",\"options\":[\"Colors and defects\",\"Reflective/self-action\",\"Mutual action\",\"Requesting something\"],\"correctIndex\":1},{\"question\":\"What is the Form X (\u0627\u0650\u0633\u062a\u064e\u0641\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e) of 'to forgive' (\u063a\u0641\u0631)?\",\"options\":[\"\u063a\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0631\u064e\",\"\u063a\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0651\u0631\u064e\",\"\u0627\u0650\u0633\u062a\u064e\u063a\u0641\u064e\u0631\u064e\",\"\u062a\u064e\u063a\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0651\u0631\u064e\"],\"correctIndex\":2}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-11T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-18T10:00:00.000Z"
        },
        {
          "id": "clx4a1b2c0014qrstuvwxyz01",
          "courseId": "clx4a1b2c0011qrstuvwxyz01",
          "order": 3,
          "title": "Analyzing Quranic Verses Grammatically",
          "slug": "analyzing-quranic-verses",
          "keyTakeaway": "Every word in the Quran carries grammatical markers that unlock precise meaning. A single change in i'rab can alter the theological implication of an ayah.",
          "duration": 20,
          "content": "## Analyzing Quranic Verses Grammatically\n\n### Example 1: Ayat al-Kursi (2:255)\n\n> **\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0670\u0647\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062d\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0651\u0648\u0645\u064f**\n\n- **\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f** \u2014 Subject (\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0623), nominative case\n- **\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0670\u0647\u064e** \u2014 \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 (\u0644\u0627 of negation) + its noun in accusative\n- **\u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0627** \u2014 Particle of exception\n- **\u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e** \u2014 Substitute in place of the predicate\n- **\u0627\u0644\u0652\u062d\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0651\u0648\u0645\u064f** \u2014 Two adjectives of Allah, nominative\n\n### Example 2: Bismillah (1:1)\n\n> **\u0628\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064e\u0651\u062d\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0670\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064e\u0651\u062d\u0650\u064a\u0645\u0650**\n\n- **\u0628\u0650** \u2014 Preposition (\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u062c\u0631)\n- **\u0633\u0652\u0645\u0650** \u2014 Noun, genitive case due to preposition\n- **\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650** \u2014 Possessive/noun in genitive (\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647)\n- **\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064e\u0651\u062d\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0670\u0646\u0650** \u2014 First adjective, genitive following the noun\n- **\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064e\u0651\u062d\u0650\u064a\u0645\u0650** \u2014 Second adjective, genitive\n\n### Example 3: Key Grammatical Features in the Quran\n\n1. **\u0625\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628 (I'rab)** \u2014 Case endings that determine meaning\n   - \u0625\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0643\u064e \u0646\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0628\u064f\u062f\u064f \u2014 \"You alone we worship\" (object pronoun placed before verb for emphasis)\n2. **\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 (Fronting and delaying)** \u2014 Changes emphasis\n   - \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u062e\u0652\u0634\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0639\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0627\u062f\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0639\u064f\u0644\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064f \u2014 The subject is delayed for emphasis\n3. **\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0641 (Ellipsis)** \u2014 Words are omitted for conciseness\n   - \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0652\u0644\u0650\u062d\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0641\u0650\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u2014 The implicit \"indeed\" (\u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652) is understood\n4. **\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0631 (Pronouns)** \u2014 Often refer back to Allah in ambiguous ways for tawhid emphasis\n\n> **Benefit:** Understanding nahw allows you to see why scholars derive different rulings from the same verse \u2014 often it hinges on a single grammatical analysis.",
          "audioPath": null,
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"In '\u0628\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650', the word '\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650' is in which grammatical case?\", \"options\": [\"Nominative\", \"Accusative\", \"Genitive\", \"Jussive\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}, {\"question\": \"In '\u0625\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0643\u064e \u0646\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0628\u064f\u062f\u064f', the fronting of '\u0625\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0643\u064e' before the verb indicates:\", \"options\": [\"Negation\", \"Emphasis/exclusivity\", \"Question\", \"Condition\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"'\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064e\u0651\u062d\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0670\u0646\u0650' in the basmalah is grammatically what?\", \"options\": [\"A verb\", \"A predicate\", \"An adjective following the noun\", \"An object\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}, {\"question\": \"\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0670\u0647\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u2014 what grammatical construction is '\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0670\u0647\u064e'?\", \"options\": [\"Negative verb\", \"\u0644\u0627 of generic negation\", \"Prohibition\", \"Relative clause\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-12T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-18T10:00:00.000Z"
        },
        {
          "id": "clx4a1b2c0015qrstuvwxyz01",
          "courseId": "clx4a1b2c0011qrstuvwxyz01",
          "order": 4,
          "title": "Rhetoric (Balaaghah) & Quranic Style",
          "slug": "rhetoric-balaaghah-quranic-style",
          "keyTakeaway": "Balaaghah is the science of eloquence. The Quran is the ultimate example of Arabic eloquence, and studying its rhetorical devices deepens both appreciation and understanding.",
          "duration": 10,
          "content": "## Rhetoric (Balaaghah) & Quranic Style\n\nBalaaghah (\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0629) is divided into three sciences:\n\n### 1. 'Ilm al-Ma'ani (\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a) \u2014 The study of sentence construction\nFocuses on how the structure of a sentence affects its meaning.\n\n- **Khabar vs. Insha'** \u2014 Statements vs. requests\n- **Qasr (Restriction)** \u2014 Restricting something to another (e.g., \u0625\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0643\u064e \u0646\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0628\u064f\u062f\u064f = You ALONE we worship)\n- **Ijaaz (Brevity) vs. Itnaab (Elaboration)** \u2014 When to be concise vs. detailed\n\n### 2. 'Ilm al-Bayan (\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646) \u2014 The study of figurative language\n- **Tashbih (Simile)** \u2014 Explicit comparison using \u0643\u064e (like) or \u0643\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0651 (as if)\n  - Example: \"He is like a donkey carrying books\" (62:5)\n- **Isti'arah (Metaphor)** \u2014 Implicit comparison\n  - Example: \"They have hearts but do not understand\" (7:179) \u2014 heart as seat of understanding\n- **Kinaayah (Metonymy)** \u2014 Indirect reference\n  - Example: \"And lower your wing to the believers\" (15:88) \u2014 be humble\n\n### 3. 'Ilm al-Badi' (\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0639) \u2014 The study of rhetorical embellishments\n- **Jinas (Paronomasia/Punning)** \u2014 Using the same root in different forms\n  - Example: \"When the earth is shaken with its shake\" (99:1) \u2014 \u0632\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0632\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e vs \u0632\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0632\u064e\u0644\u064e\u062a\n- **Tibaq (Antithesis)** \u2014 Juxtaposition of opposites\n  - Example: \"And that He causes to laugh and causes to weep\" (53:43)\n- **Mura'ah al-Nazir (Congruence)** \u2014 Mentioning related concepts together\n\n### Why Balaaghah Matters for Quranic Understanding\n\nMany objections to the Quran from non-Arabic speakers arise because they miss the rhetorical layers. For example, the seemingly repetitive verses in the Quran are actually masterclasses in emphasis, variation, and audience awareness.\n\n> **The challenge of the Quran:** \"And if you are in doubt about what We have revealed to Our servant, then produce a surah like it...\" (2:23) \u2014 the inimitability (**I'jaz**) of the Quran lies partly in its unmatched balaaghah.",
          "audioPath": null,
          "quizData": "[{\"question\":\"What does 'Ilm al-Bayan study?\",\"options\":[\"Sentence construction\",\"Figurative language and imagery\",\"Rhetorical embellishments\",\"Verb morphology\"],\"correctIndex\":1},{\"question\":\"The Quranic phrase 'lower your wing to the believers' is an example of:\",\"options\":[\"Simile (tashbih)\",\"Metaphor (isti'arah)\",\"Metonymy (kinaayah)\",\"Antithesis (tibaq)\"],\"correctIndex\":2},{\"question\":\"\u0625\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0643\u064e \u0646\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0628\u064f\u062f\u064f is an example of which rhetorical device?\",\"options\":[\"Simile\",\"Restriction (qasr)\",\"Punning (jinas)\",\"Elaboration (itnaab)\"],\"correctIndex\":1},{\"question\":\"The inimitability of the Quran is known as:\",\"options\":[\"Balaaghah\",\"I'jaz\",\"Nahw\",\"Sarf\"],\"correctIndex\":1}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-13T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-18T10:00:00.000Z"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "daily-fiqh-beginner",
      "title": "Daily Fiqh for Beginners",
      "author": "FalahMobile Learning",
      "description": "Essential rulings for everyday Muslim life \u2014 from waking up to going to bed. Short lessons you can listen to during your commute or while making breakfast.",
      "imageUrl": "/images/courses/daily-fiqh-beginner.jpg",
      "difficulty": "beginner",
      "giteaPath": "courses/daily-fiqh-beginner",
      "priceFlh": null,
      "priceUsd": null,
      "subscriptionOnly": false,
      "published": true,
      "modules": [
        {
          "order": 1,
          "title": "The Intention of Wudu",
          "slug": "intention-of-wudu",
          "keyTakeaway": "Wudu only counts if you intend it. The intention is the aim of the heart, not words on the tongue.",
          "duration": 2,
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/daily-fiqh-beginner/module-01.mp3",
          "quizData": {
            "questions": [
              {
                "question": "Where does the intention for wudu need to be made?",
                "options": [
                  "Before touching water",
                  "While washing the face",
                  "After finishing wudu",
                  "Loudly, so others can hear"
                ],
                "correctIndex": 1,
                "explanation": "The intention must exist when you begin washing your face, the first act of wudu. It lives in the heart, not on the tongue."
              }
            ]
          },
          "content": "## \ud83c\udfaf Key Concept\n\nWudu is not just washing body parts \u2014 it is a spiritual reset. The Prophet \ufdfa said, \"When a Muslim performs wudu and washes his face, every sin he committed with his eyes is washed away. When he washes his hands, every sin committed with his hands is washed away.\" (Sahih Muslim 244)\n\nBut wudu only counts if you **intend** it. The intention is the invisible thread that transforms a shower into worship.\n\n## \ud83d\udcd6 Details\n\n**What is the intention?**\n\nIt is simply knowing in your heart: *I am doing this to purify myself for prayer, or to remove ritual impurity.* You do not need to speak it aloud. The scholars say the intention is \"the aim of the heart.\"\n\n**When to make it:**\n\nThe intention must exist when you begin washing your face \u2014 the first act of wudu. If you start washing and then remember, \"Oh, I should make wudu,\" it counts as long as you intended it before finishing.\n\n**Common mistake:**\n\nSome people say \"Bismillah\" and assume that is the intention. Bismillah is recommended, but it is not the intention itself. The intention lives in the heart, not on the tongue.\n\n## \ud83e\udd14 Reflection\n\nThink about your last wudu. Were you rushing through it while mentally scrolling your to-do list? What if you paused at the tap and thought: *This water is washing away more than dust \u2014 it is washing away mistakes?*\n\n## \u26a1 Action Step\n\nBefore your next prayer, stand at the sink for five seconds. Say silently: *I intend wudu to purify myself for prayer.* Feel the intention settle. Then begin.\n\n---\n\n*Sources: Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Fiqh us-Sunnah (Sayyid Sabiq)*"
        },
        {
          "order": 2,
          "title": "How to Perform Wudu Step by Step",
          "slug": "how-to-perform-wudu",
          "keyTakeaway": "Four acts in order: face, arms, head, feet. Each with tranquility. The Quran describes wudu with elegant precision.",
          "duration": 3,
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/daily-fiqh-beginner/module-02.mp3",
          "quizData": {
            "questions": [
              {
                "question": "How many essential steps (pillars) does salah have?",
                "options": [
                  "5",
                  "7",
                  "10",
                  "14"
                ],
                "correctIndex": 3,
                "explanation": "Salah has 14 pillars (arkan). Missing any one intentionally invalidates the prayer."
              }
            ]
          },
          "content": "## \ud83c\udfaf Key Concept\n\nAllah describes wudu in the Quran with elegant precision: \"Wash your faces, your hands to the elbows, wipe your heads, and wash your feet to the ankles.\" (5:6). Four acts, in order, done mindfully.\n\n## \ud83d\udcd6 Details\n\n**Step 1: Face**\nWash from the hairline to the chin, and from ear to ear. The water must touch the skin. If you have a thick beard, run your wet fingers through it. The Prophet \ufdfa did this.\n\n**Step 2: Arms to Elbows**\nWash from fingertips to elbows. Start with the right arm, then the left. Some scholars say order is recommended, not mandatory \u2014 but following the Sunnah brings barakah.\n\n**Step 3: Head**\nWipe the head with wet hands, from front to back and back to front. You only need to touch the hair or scalp. A single wipe is enough.\n\n**Step 4: Ears**\nWipe the inside and back of the ears with your wet index fingers and thumbs. The Prophet \ufdfa said, \"The ears are part of the head.\" (Sunan Abi Dawud 111)\n\n**Step 5: Feet to Ankles**\nWash the feet, including between the toes, up to the ankle bone. Start right, then left.\n\n**What to say:**\nBismillah before starting. After finishing, the Prophet \ufdfa would say: \"Ashhadu an la ilaha ill-Allah wahdahu la sharika lah, wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan abduhu wa rasuluh\" \u2014 bearing witness to the Oneness of Allah and the prophethood of Muhammad.\n\n## \ud83e\udd14 Reflection\n\nWudu takes about two minutes. Yet it washes away sins and prepares you to stand before Allah. Compare that to the time you spend on social media. What if wudu became your favorite two minutes of the day?\n\n## \u26a1 Action Step\n\nPerform wudu now, even if you do not need to pray immediately. Pay attention to every limb. Do not rush. Notice how your heart slows down.\n\n---\n\n*Sources: Quran 5:6, Sahih al-Bukhari, Sunan Abi Dawud*"
        },
        {
          "order": 3,
          "title": "When Wudu Breaks",
          "slug": "when-wudu-breaks",
          "keyTakeaway": "Eight things break wudu. If you are unsure, assume you did not break it. Build on certainty, not suspicion.",
          "duration": 2,
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/daily-fiqh-beginner/module-03.mp3",
          "quizData": {
            "questions": [
              {
                "question": "If you are unsure whether you broke wudu, what should you assume?",
                "options": [
                  "Assume you broke it and make wudu again",
                  "Assume you did not break it and continue",
                  "Ask a friend what they think",
                  "Skip prayer to be safe"
                ],
                "correctIndex": 1,
                "explanation": "The Prophet taught: build on certainty, not suspicion. If you are unsure, assume your wudu is still valid."
              }
            ]
          },
          "content": "## \ud83c\udfaf Key Concept\n\nWudu is a fragile state. The Prophet \ufdfa described it as light on the face that fades when something breaks it. Knowing what breaks wudu saves you from praying in an invalid state \u2014 which is like building a house on sand.\n\n## \ud83d\udcd6 Details\n\n**The eight things that break wudu:**\n\n1. **Anything exiting the front or back passage** \u2014 urine, stool, gas, or any other substance\n2. **Deep sleep** \u2014 if you lose awareness while lying down\n3. **Loss of consciousness** \u2014 fainting, intoxication, or anesthesia\n4. **Touching the private parts** \u2014 with the palm or inner fingers\n5. **Touching another's private parts** \u2014 with desire\n6. **Eating camel meat** \u2014 a specific ruling for camel\n7. **Apostasy** \u2014 leaving Islam (Allah forbid)\n8. **Blood or pus** \u2014 flowing from the body (minority view, but worth knowing)\n\n**What does NOT break wudu:**\n\n- Touching a non-mahram (the Prophet \ufdfa shook hands with women)\n- Kissing your spouse (with or without desire)\n- Bleeding from a small cut\n- Vomiting\n- Laughing loudly in prayer (this breaks the prayer, not the wudu)\n- Doubting whether you broke wudu \u2014 certainty is required\n\n**The doubt rule:**\nIf you are unsure whether you broke wudu, assume you did not. The Prophet \ufdfa said, \"If one of you feels something in his stomach and is unsure whether something came out, he should not leave the mosque unless he hears a sound or smells an odor.\" (Sahih Muslim 550)\n\n## \ud83e\udd14 Reflection\n\nMany Muslims anxiously question their wudu status. How many prayers have been delayed by unnecessary doubt? The Sunnah teaches: build on certainty, not suspicion. Are you overthinking your purity?\n\n## \u26a1 Action Step\n\nMake a mental note of the doubt rule. Next time you wonder, \"Did I break wudu?\" \u2014 if you are not sure, you did not. Proceed with confidence.\n\n---\n\n*Sources: Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Fiqh us-Sunnah*"
        },
        {
          "order": 4,
          "title": "The Call to Prayer",
          "slug": "the-call-to-prayer",
          "keyTakeaway": "The adhan is an invitation from Allah. Repeat after the muezzin, send blessings on the Prophet, and make dua.",
          "duration": 2,
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/daily-fiqh-beginner/module-04.mp3",
          "quizData": {
            "questions": [
              {
                "question": "What should you do immediately after hearing the adhan?",
                "options": [
                  "Rush to the prayer mat",
                  "Repeat what the muezzin says",
                  "Start eating if you were about to break your fast",
                  "Change into clean clothes"
                ],
                "correctIndex": 1,
                "explanation": "The Sunnah is to repeat after the muezzin silently, then send blessings on the Prophet, and finally make dua."
              }
            ]
          },
          "content": "## \ud83c\udfaf Key Concept\n\nThe adhan is more than a reminder \u2014 it is an invitation from Allah. When you hear it, you are being personally called to success. The Prophet \ufdfa said, \"When you hear the muezzin, repeat what he says, then invoke blessings on me.\" (Sahih Muslim 384)\n\n## \ud83d\udcd6 Details\n\n**What to do when you hear the adhan:**\n\n1. **Repeat after the muezzin** \u2014 silently or softly, phrase by phrase\n2. **Send blessings on the Prophet \ufdfa** after the muezzin finishes\n3. **Ask for the wasilah** \u2014 the highest level of Paradise\n4. **Make dua** \u2014 your supplication between adhan and iqamah is not rejected\n\n**The exact dua:**\n\nAfter sending blessings on the Prophet \ufdfa, say:\n> *Allahumma Rabba hadhihid-da'watit-tammah, was-salatil-qa'imah, ati Muhammadanil-wasilata wal-fadhilah, wab'athu maqaman mahmuda nilladhi wa'adtah.*\n\n(O Allah, Lord of this perfect call and established prayer, grant Muhammad the wasilah and virtue, and raise him to the praised station You promised him.)\n\n**After the adhan:**\n\nDo not rush. The time between adhan and iqamah is precious. Use it for:\n- Dua (supplication)\n- Optional prayer (rawatib/sunna prayers)\n- Quiet preparation\n\n**Modern challenge:**\n\nMany of us hear the adhan on our phones rather than from a mosque. The same rules apply. Pause. Respond. Let the call interrupt your day intentionally.\n\n## \ud83e\udd14 Reflection\n\nThe adhan interrupts work, sleep, conversation, and entertainment \u2014 on purpose. It is a scheduled disruption designed to reorient your heart. Do you treat it as an annoyance or an invitation? What would change if you stopped everything for 60 seconds when you heard it?\n\n## \u26a1 Action Step\n\nSet your phone's adhan notification to a voice you love, not a jarring beep. For the next three adhans, stop what you are doing, repeat the words, and make one sincere dua before the iqamah.\n\n---\n\n*Sources: Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Sunan al-Nasa'i*"
        },
        {
          "order": 5,
          "title": "The Essentials of Salah",
          "slug": "essentials-of-salah",
          "keyTakeaway": "Salah has 14 pillars. Missing any intentionally invalidates the prayer. Tranquility over speed.",
          "duration": 3,
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/daily-fiqh-beginner/module-05.mp3",
          "quizData": {
            "questions": [
              {
                "question": "Which surah must be recited in every rak'ah of every prayer?",
                "options": [
                  "Surah al-Ikhlas",
                  "Surah al-Fatiha",
                  "Surah al-Baqarah",
                  "Any surah the worshipper chooses"
                ],
                "correctIndex": 1,
                "explanation": "Reciting al-Fatiha is a pillar of every rak'ah. The Prophet said, 'There is no prayer for the one who does not recite the Opening of the Book.'"
              }
            ]
          },
          "content": "## \ud83c\udfaf Key Concept\n\nSalah is the backbone of a Muslim's day. The Prophet \ufdfa said, \"The first matter that the slave will be brought to account for on the Day of Judgment is the prayer. If it is sound, the rest of his deeds will be sound. If it is corrupt, the rest of his deeds will be corrupt.\" (Sunan al-Tirmidhi 413)\n\nSalah has **14 pillars (arkan)**. Missing any one intentionally invalidates the prayer. Missing it by forgetfulness requires the forgetfulness prostration (sujud as-sahw) at the end.\n\n## \ud83d\udcd6 Details\n\n**The 14 Pillars of Salah:**\n\n**Before Salah:**\n1. **Standing** (if able) \u2014 for obligatory prayers\n2. **The opening takbir** \u2014 saying *Allahu Akbar* to begin\n3. **Reciting al-Fatiha** \u2014 in every rak'ah of every prayer\n4. **Bowing (ruku)** \u2014 with tranquility\n5. **Rising from ruku** \u2014 with tranquility\n6. **Prostration (sujud)** \u2014 forehead, nose, hands, knees, and toes touching the ground\n7. **Sitting between prostrations** \u2014 with tranquility\n8. **The final tashahhud** \u2014 the testimony after the last sitting\n9. **Sitting for the final tashahhud** \u2014 with tranquility\n10. **The taslim** \u2014 saying *As-salamu alaykum* to end the prayer\n\n**During the prayer:**\n11. **Order** \u2014 the pillars must be performed in sequence\n12. **Tranquility (tuma'ninah)** \u2014 each position must be still for a moment\n13. **Intention** \u2014 knowing which prayer you are performing\n14. **Facing the qibla** \u2014 toward the Ka'bah in Makkah\n\n**The Forgetfulness Prostration:**\n\nIf you accidentally miss a pillar (like skipping a ruku or adding an extra rak'ah), prostrate twice *before* the taslim and say: *Subhana Rabbiyal-A'la* (Glory be to my Lord, the Most High).\n\n## \ud83e\udd14 Reflection\n\nMany Muslims pray quickly, rushing through positions like a checklist. The Prophet \ufdfa prayed so slowly that a companion said, \"I wanted to do something bad but remembered I was in prayer.\" (Sahih Muslim 543) What if your prayer was so present that it stopped you from sinning?\n\n## \u26a1 Action Step\n\nIn your next prayer, add one extra second to each position. Feel your weight in ruku. Feel the ground beneath your forehead in sujud. Notice your breathing slow. That one second is the difference between a transaction and a conversation.\n\n---\n\n*Sources: Quran 2:238, Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Sunan al-Tirmidhi*"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}