{
  "courses": [
    {
      "id": "clx4a1b2c0001qrstuvwxyz01",
      "slug": "basics-of-prayer-salah",
      "title": "Basics of Prayer (Salah)",
      "author": "Ustadh Ahmad Al-Misri",
      "description": "A comprehensive beginner-friendly course covering the fundamentals of Islamic prayer — from purification (taharah) to the complete steps of salah, including obligatory acts, sunnah practices, and common mistakes.",
      "imageUrl": "/images/courses/basics-of-prayer.jpg",
      "moduleCount": 4,
      "totalMinutes": 35,
      "difficulty": "beginner",
      "giteaPath": "courses/basics-of-prayer-salah",
      "priceFlh": null,
      "priceUsd": null,
      "subscriptionOnly": false,
      "published": true,
      "createdAt": "2026-06-01T08:00:00.000Z",
      "updatedAt": "2026-06-20T12:00:00.000Z",
      "modules": [
        {
          "id": "clx4a1b2c0002qrstuvwxyz01",
          "courseId": "clx4a1b2c0001qrstuvwxyz01",
          "order": 1,
          "title": "Purification (Taharah)",
          "slug": "purification-taharah",
          "keyTakeaway": "Understanding wudu, ghusl, and najasah is the foundation of valid prayer. Without proper purification, salah is not accepted.",
          "duration": 10,
          "content": "## Purification (Taharah)\n\nTaharah (purification) is half of faith. Before a Muslim can stand before Allah in prayer, they must be in a state of physical and spiritual cleanliness.\n\n### Types of Purification\n\n1. **Wudu (Ablution)** — Required before salah, touching the Quran, and circumambulating the Ka'bah.\n2. **Ghusl (Full Bath)** — Required after janabah (major impurity), menstruation, and postpartum bleeding.\n3. **Tayammum (Dry Ablution)** — A substitute using clean earth when water is unavailable or harmful.\n\n### Steps of Wudu\n1. Intention (Niyyah)\n2. Washing hands (3x)\n3. Rinsing mouth (3x)\n4. Cleaning nostrils (3x)\n5. Washing face (3x)\n6. Washing arms to elbows (3x, right then left)\n7. Wiping head (1x)\n8. Wiping ears (1x)\n9. Washing feet to ankles (3x, right then left)\n\n### Nullifiers of Wudu\n- Natural discharges (urine, stool, wind)\n- Deep sleep\n- Loss of consciousness\n- Touching private parts directly\n\n> **Tip:** Always say *Bismillah* before starting wudu.",
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/basics-of-prayer-salah/module-01.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"What is the FIRST step of wudu?\", \"options\": [\"Washing the face\", \"Intention (Niyyah)\", \"Washing the hands\", \"Rinsing the mouth\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"Which of the following NULLIFIES wudu?\", \"options\": [\"Eating with the right hand\", \"Deep sleep\", \"Reciting Quran\", \"Walking to the mosque\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"Tayammum is performed when:\", \"options\": [\"Water is cold\", \"No water is available or water is harmful\", \"One is in a hurry\", \"One forgets the du'a\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"How many times are the hands washed in wudu?\", \"options\": [\"Once\", \"Twice\", \"Three times\", \"Four times\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-01T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-10T10:00:00.000Z"
        },
        {
          "id": "clx4a1b2c0003qrstuvwxyz01",
          "courseId": "clx4a1b2c0001qrstuvwxyz01",
          "order": 2,
          "title": "The Conditions & Pillars of Salah",
          "slug": "conditions-pillars-salah",
          "keyTakeaway": "Salah has 9 conditions (shurut) and 13 pillars (arkan). Missing any pillar invalidates the prayer; missing a condition means the prayer never began.",
          "duration": 10,
          "content": "## The Conditions & Pillars of Salah\n\n### Conditions of Salah (Shurut — prerequisites before beginning)\n\n1. **Islam** — Only a Muslim's prayer is valid.\n2. **Sanity ('Aql)** — Must be of sound mind.\n3. **Discernment (Tamyiz)** — Age/ability to understand the prayer.\n4. **Removal of impurity (Raf' al-Hadath)** — Wudu or ghusl.\n5. **Removal of najasah** — Clean clothes, body, and place.\n6. **Covering the 'awrah** — Men: navel to knees. Women: entire body except face and hands.\n7. **Facing the Qiblah** — Toward the Ka'bah in Makkah.\n8. **Entering the correct time** — Each salah has a specific window.\n9. **Intention (Niyyah)** — In the heart, not spoken.\n\n### Pillars of Salah (Arkan — essential acts)\n\n1. Standing (Qiyam) — if able\n2. Opening Takbir (Allahu Akbar)\n3. Reciting Al-Fatihah\n4. Ruku' (bowing)\n5. Standing after Ruku'\n6. Sujud (prostration) on 7 bones\n7. Sitting between two prostrations\n8. Final Tashahhud\n9. Sitting for Tashahhud\n10. Salawat upon the Prophet\n11. Taslim (saying Salam)\n12. Tranquility (Tuma'ninah) in each pillar\n13. Correct order\n\n> **Note:** Missing a pillar on purpose or forgetfully requires repeating the prayer.",
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/basics-of-prayer-salah/module-02.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"How many conditions (shurut) must be met before salah begins?\", \"options\": [\"5\", \"7\", \"9\", \"13\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}, {\"question\": \"Which of the following is a PILLAR (rukn) of salah?\", \"options\": [\"Facing the Qiblah\", \"Covering the 'awrah\", \"Reciting Al-Fatihah\", \"Being in a clean place\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}, {\"question\": \"What does 'tuma'ninah' mean in the context of salah?\", \"options\": [\"Facing the right direction\", \"Tranquility and stillness in each posture\", \"Reciting in a loud voice\", \"Raising the hands\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What is the minimum covering ('awrah) for men in salah?\", \"options\": [\"Shoulders to knees\", \"Navel to knees\", \"Full body except face\", \"Chest to thighs\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-02T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-10T10:00:00.000Z"
        },
        {
          "id": "clx4a1b2c0004qrstuvwxyz01",
          "courseId": "clx4a1b2c0001qrstuvwxyz01",
          "order": 3,
          "title": "Step-by-Step Guide to Praying",
          "slug": "step-by-step-praying",
          "keyTakeaway": "Every movement and recitation in salah has a purpose. Mastering the physical postures and the meanings of the words deepens your connection with Allah.",
          "duration": 10,
          "content": "## Step-by-Step Guide to Praying\n\n### 1. Standing (Qiyam)\nFace the Qiblah, feet shoulder-width apart, gaze at the place of sujud.\n\n### 2. Opening Takbir\nRaise both hands to your ears (men) or shoulders (women) and say **Allahu Akbar**.\n\n### 3. Opening Du'a (Thana')\n> *Subhanaka Allahumma wa bihamdika, wa tabarakasmuka, wa ta'ala jadduka, wa la ilaha ghayruk.*\n\n### 4. Recitation of Al-Fatihah\nRecite Surah Al-Fatihah in every rak'ah. Then recite any additional surah or verses.\n\n### 5. Ruku' (Bowing)\nBend at the waist, back flat, hands on knees. Say **Subhana Rabbiyal 'Adhim** (3x).\n\n### 6. Standing from Ruku'\nSay **Sami'Allahu liman hamidah, Rabbana lakal hamd**.\n\n### 7. Sujud (Prostration)\nGo down with your knees first, then hands, then forehead and nose. Say **Subhana Rabbiyal A'la** (3x).\n\n### 8. Between the Two Prostrations\nSit up straight, say **Rabbi ghfir li, Rabbi ghfir li**.\n\n### 9. Second Sujud — same as the first.\n\n### 10. Tashahhud (in the 2nd and final rak'ah)\n> *At-tahiyyatu lillahi was-salawatu wat-tayyibat...*\n\n### 11. Taslim\nTurn right: **Assalamu 'alaykum wa rahmatullah**. Then turn left: same.\n\n> **Practice tip:** Pray two rak'ahs of voluntary prayer daily until the movements become natural.",
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/basics-of-prayer-salah/module-03.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"What is recited during ruku'?\", \"options\": [\"Sami'Allahu liman hamidah\", \"Subhana Rabbiyal 'Adhim\", \"Subhana Rabbiyal A'la\", \"Rabbi ghfir li\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What is recited between the two prostrations?\", \"options\": [\"Subhana Rabbiyal A'la\", \"Rabbana lakal hamd\", \"Rabbi ghfir li\", \"Allahu Akbar\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}, {\"question\": \"How many rak'ahs are in Fajr prayer?\", \"options\": [\"2\", \"3\", \"4\", \"1\"], \"correctIndex\": 0}, {\"question\": \"During sujud, how many body parts should touch the ground?\", \"options\": [\"5\", \"6\", \"7\", \"8\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-03T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-10T10:00:00.000Z"
        },
        {
          "id": "clx4a1b2c0005qrstuvwxyz01",
          "courseId": "clx4a1b2c0001qrstuvwxyz01",
          "order": 4,
          "title": "Common Mistakes & How to Avoid Them",
          "slug": "common-mistakes-salah",
          "keyTakeaway": "Many Muslims unknowingly make errors in salah that can reduce its reward or invalidate it. Awareness is the first step to correction.",
          "duration": 5,
          "content": "## Common Mistakes & How to Avoid Them\n\n### 1. Rushing through Salah\nMany pray so quickly that there is no tranquility (tuma'ninah). **Fix:** Pause between each movement.\n\n### 2. Not Reciting Al-Fatihah Properly\nSkipping verses, mispronouncing, or reciting too fast. **Fix:** Learn tajweed rules for Al-Fatihah.\n\n### 3. Looking Around\nEyes wandering during prayer. **Fix:** Fix your gaze on the place of sujud.\n\n### 4. Crossing the Sutrah Line\nWalking in front of someone praying. **Fix:** Place a sutrah (barrier) in front of you.\n\n### 5. Praying When Food is Served\nThe Prophet ﷺ said: \"No prayer when food is served.\" **Fix:** Eat first, then pray with calmness.\n\n### 6. Moving Before the Imam (in congregation)\n**Fix:** Follow the imam, never precede him.\n\n### 7. Incorrect Posture in Sujud\nNot placing all seven bones (forehead, nose, two hands, two knees, two feet).\n\n### 8. Forgetting the Obligatory Acts (Wajibat)\nE.g., saying the first tashahhud. **Fix:** Perform sujud as-sahw (prostration of forgetfulness).\n\n> **Key takeaway:** The Prophet ﷺ said, *\"Pray as you have seen me praying.\"* Use this hadith as your benchmark.",
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/basics-of-prayer-salah/module-04.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"What is sujud as-sahw?\", \"options\": [\"An extra prayer at night\", \"Prostration of forgetfulness to correct mistakes in salah\", \"A type of voluntary prayer\", \"Prostration during Quran recitation\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What should you do if food is served and you want to pray?\", \"options\": [\"Pray quickly and then eat\", \"Eat first, then pray\", \"Skip the prayer\", \"Pray while eating\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"How many bones should touch the ground in sujud?\", \"options\": [\"5\", \"6\", \"7\", \"8\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}, {\"question\": \"What does 'tuma'ninah' prevent in salah?\", \"options\": [\"Loud recitation\", \"Rushing through movements\", \"Forgetting the Qiblah\", \"Missing the congregation\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-04T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-10T10:00:00.000Z"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "clx4a1b2c0006qrstuvwxyz01",
      "slug": "understanding-fiqh",
      "title": "Understanding Fiqh: Principles & Practice",
      "author": "Dr. Layla bint Hassan",
      "description": "An intermediate-level course on the science of Islamic jurisprudence. Covers the sources of Shari'ah, the four schools of thought, maqasid al-shari'ah, and practical application through usul al-fiqh methodology.",
      "imageUrl": "/images/courses/understanding-fiqh.jpg",
      "moduleCount": 4,
      "totalMinutes": 50,
      "difficulty": "intermediate",
      "giteaPath": "courses/understanding-fiqh",
      "priceFlh": 250,
      "priceUsd": null,
      "subscriptionOnly": false,
      "published": true,
      "createdAt": "2026-06-05T08:00:00.000Z",
      "updatedAt": "2026-06-22T14:00:00.000Z",
      "modules": [
        {
          "id": "clx4a1b2c0007qrstuvwxyz01",
          "courseId": "clx4a1b2c0006qrstuvwxyz01",
          "order": 1,
          "title": "Introduction to Usul al-Fiqh",
          "slug": "introduction-usul-al-fiqh",
          "keyTakeaway": "Usul al-fiqh is the methodology by which jurists derive rulings from the primary sources. Without usul, fiqh becomes arbitrary opinion.",
          "duration": 15,
          "content": "## Introduction to Usul al-Fiqh\n\nUsul al-Fiqh (Principles of Jurisprudence) is the framework that governs how Islamic rulings are derived from their sources.\n\n### The Primary Sources (Adillah al-Asliyyah)\n\n1. **The Quran** — The verbatim word of Allah, the primary source.\n2. **The Sunnah** — The teachings, actions, and approvals of the Prophet ﷺ.\n\n### The Secondary Sources (Adillah al-Tabi'ah)\n\n3. **Ijma' (Consensus)** — Agreement of qualified scholars on a ruling.\n4. **Qiyas (Analogical Reasoning)** — Extending a ruling from an original case to a new case due to shared cause ('illah).\n\n### Other Evidences (controversial among schools)\n- **Istihsan (Juridical Preference)** — Preferred by Hanafi school.\n- **Maslahah Mursalah (Public Interest)** — Preferred by Maliki school.\n- **'Urf (Custom)** — Considered when no explicit text exists.\n- **Sadd al-Dhara'i' (Blocking the Means)** — Preferred by Hanbali school.\n- **Qawl al-Sahabi (Companion's Opinion)** — Various levels of acceptance.\n\n### The Five Rulings (Al-Ahkam al-Khamsah)\n1. **Wajib / Fard** — Obligatory (rewarded, sin if left)\n2. **Mandub / Mustahabb** — Recommended (rewarded, no sin if left)\n3. **Mubah / Halal** — Permissible (no reward or sin)\n4. **Makruh** — Disliked (rewarded if left, no sin if done)\n5. **Haram** — Forbidden (sin if done, rewarded if left)\n\n> **The goal of usul:** To ensure that rulings are derived systematically, not based on personal desire.",
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/understanding-fiqh/module-01.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"Which of the following is a PRIMARY source of Islamic law?\", \"options\": [\"Qiyas\", \"Ijma'\", \"The Quran\", \"Istihsan\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}, {\"question\": \"What does 'Wajib' mean in the five rulings?\", \"options\": [\"Recommended\", \"Permissible\", \"Obligatory\", \"Forbidden\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}, {\"question\": \"Qiyas (analogical reasoning) requires a shared what between the original case and the new case?\", \"options\": [\"Text\", \"Custom\", \"Cause ('illah)\", \"Time period\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}, {\"question\": \"How many primary sources are agreed upon by all four schools?\", \"options\": [\"Two (Quran and Sunnah)\", \"Four (adding Ijma' and Qiyas)\", \"Five (adding Istihsan)\", \"Three (Quran, Sunnah, Ijma')\"], \"correctIndex\": 0}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-05T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-15T10:00:00.000Z"
        },
        {
          "id": "clx4a1b2c0008qrstuvwxyz01",
          "courseId": "clx4a1b2c0006qrstuvwxyz01",
          "order": 2,
          "title": "The Four Schools of Thought (Madhahib)",
          "slug": "four-schools-madhahib",
          "keyTakeaway": "The four Sunni madhahib are not sects but methodologies. All are valid, and Muslims may follow any school with respect for the others.",
          "duration": 15,
          "content": "## The Four Schools of Thought (Madhahib)\n\n### 1. Hanafi School — Founded by Imam Abu Hanifah (d. 150 AH)\n- Most widespread school geographically (Turkey, Balkans, Indian subcontinent, Central Asia)\n- Heavy reliance on **ra'y (reason)** and **qiyas**\n- Known for extensive use of **istihsan**\n- School of the Ottoman Empire and Mughal Empire\n\n### 2. Maliki School — Founded by Imam Malik (d. 179 AH)\n- Dominant in North and West Africa\n- Strong reliance on **'amal ahl al-Madinah** (practice of the people of Madinah)\n- Considers **maslahah mursalah** (public interest) as a source\n- Known for the Muwatta' — the earliest surviving compilation of hadith and fiqh\n\n### 3. Shafi'i School — Founded by Imam Al-Shafi'i (d. 204 AH)\n- Dominant in East Africa, Yemen, Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia)\n- Considered the \"father of usul al-fiqh\" for writing *Al-Risalah*\n- Balances textual evidence with qiyas; rejects istihsan\n- Follows the stronger position on hadith authenticity\n\n### 4. Hanbali School — Founded by Imam Ahmad (d. 241 AH)\n- Dominant in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf\n- Most strict adherence to **zahir (literal meaning)** of texts\n- Minimal use of qiyas; prefers weak hadith over qiyas\n- Official school of modern-day Saudi Arabia\n\n### Can one switch between schools?\nYes, but scholars advise consistency within one school for daily practice unless a genuine need arises.\n\n> **Respect for all schools:** اختلاف أمتي رحمة — \"The differences among my ummah are a mercy.\"",
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/understanding-fiqh/module-02.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"Which school heavily relies on the practice of the people of Madinah ('amal ahl al-Madinah)?\", \"options\": [\"Hanafi\", \"Maliki\", \"Shafi'i\", \"Hanbali\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"Imam Al-Shafi'i is known for authoring which foundational work?\", \"options\": [\"Al-Muwatta'\", \"Al-Risalah\", \"Al-Umm\", \"Musnad Ahmad\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"Which school is most prevalent in Southeast Asia?\", \"options\": [\"Hanafi\", \"Maliki\", \"Shafi'i\", \"Hanbali\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}, {\"question\": \"Which school was the official school of the Ottoman Empire?\", \"options\": [\"Hanafi\", \"Maliki\", \"Shafi'i\", \"Hanbali\"], \"correctIndex\": 0}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-06T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-15T10:00:00.000Z"
        },
        {
          "id": "clx4a1b2c0009qrstuvwxyz01",
          "courseId": "clx4a1b2c0006qrstuvwxyz01",
          "order": 3,
          "title": "Maqasid al-Shari'ah (Higher Objectives)",
          "slug": "maqasid-al-shariah",
          "keyTakeaway": "Every ruling in the Shari'ah is designed to preserve one of five essential human necessities. Understanding maqasid unlocks the wisdom behind Islamic law.",
          "duration": 10,
          "content": "## Maqasid al-Shari'ah (Higher Objectives of Islamic Law)\n\n### The Five Essential Necessities (Al-Daruriyyat al-Khams)\n\n1. **Preservation of Religion (Hifz al-Din)**\n   - Freedom of belief\n   - Obligation to pray, fast, give zakah\n   - Defending the faith\n\n2. **Preservation of Life (Hifz al-Nafs)**\n   - Prohibition of murder\n   - Laws of retribution (qisas)\n   - Permissibility of eating haram food in dire necessity\n\n3. **Preservation of Intellect (Hifz al-'Aql)**\n   - Prohibition of intoxicants\n   - Encouragement of seeking knowledge\n\n4. **Preservation of Lineage (Hifz al-Nasl)**\n   - Laws of marriage and family\n   - Prohibition of zina (adultery)\n   - Rules of inheritance\n\n5. **Preservation of Wealth (Hifz al-Mal)**\n   - Prohibition of theft and bribery\n   - Laws of trade and contracts\n   - Zakah as wealth purification\n\n### Levels of Objectives\n1. **Daruriyyat (Necessities)** — Must be protected for life to function\n2. **Hajiyyat (Needs)** — Needed to remove hardship (e.g., loans, leasing)\n3. **Tahsiniyyat (Luxuries/Improvements)** — To beautify life (e.g., good food, nice clothes)\n\n> **Example:** Alcohol is haram because it destroys the intellect ('aql), which is one of the five essentials. However, if a person is dying of thirst and only alcohol is available, it becomes permissible to preserve life (hifz al-nafs).",
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/understanding-fiqh/module-03.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"How many essential human necessities (daruriyyat) does the Shari'ah aim to preserve?\", \"options\": [\"Three\", \"Four\", \"Five\", \"Seven\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}, {\"question\": \"Which necessity is protected by prohibiting intoxicants?\", \"options\": [\"Religion\", \"Life\", \"Intellect\", \"Wealth\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}, {\"question\": \"Zakah is primarily aimed at preserving which necessity?\", \"options\": [\"Religion\", \"Lineage\", \"Wealth\", \"Intellect\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}, {\"question\": \"The permissibility of eating haram food in a life-threatening situation falls under which principle?\", \"options\": [\"Necessity permits the prohibited\", \"Custom is a source of law\", \"Certainty is not overruled by doubt\", \"Hardship brings ease\"], \"correctIndex\": 0}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-07T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-15T10:00:00.000Z"
        },
        {
          "id": "clx4a1b2c0010qrstuvwxyz01",
          "courseId": "clx4a1b2c0006qrstuvwxyz01",
          "order": 4,
          "title": "Practical Fiqh: Daily Life Rulings",
          "slug": "practical-fiqh-daily-life",
          "keyTakeaway": "Fiqh is not just theory — it governs every aspect of daily Muslim life from food to finance. Knowing the rulings makes worship and transactions valid.",
          "duration": 10,
          "content": "## Practical Fiqh: Daily Life Rulings\n\n### Food & Drink\n- **Halal animals:** All seafood (Hanafi differs), cattle, sheep, goats, chicken (when slaughtered Islamically)\n- **Zabihah (Islamic slaughter):** Cut throat, mention Allah's name, drain blood\n- **Haram:** Pork, blood, carrion, animals not slaughtered in Allah's name, intoxicants\n\n### Dress Code\n- **Men:** Must cover navel to knees. Silk and gold are prohibited.\n- **Women:** Must cover entire body except face and hands in front of non-mahram. No tight or transparent clothing.\n\n### Financial Transactions (Mu'amalat)\n- **Riba (Interest)** — Absolutely haram, whether giving or taking\n- **Gharar (Excessive uncertainty)** — Invalidates contracts\n- **Zakah** — 2.5% on wealth held for one lunar year\n\n### Marriage (Nikah)\n- Pillars: Offer (ijab), acceptance (qabul), guardian (wali), two witnesses, mahr (dowry)\n- Conditions: Mutual consent, no impediments\n\n### Hygiene\n- **Istinja'** — Cleaning after using the toilet (water preferred)\n- **Siwak** — Using miswak toothstick is sunnah before every prayer\n\n> **Golden rule in fiqh:** *Al-Aslu fi al-ashya' al-ibahah* — The default ruling for all things is permissibility, unless proven otherwise.",
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/understanding-fiqh/module-04.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"What is the default ruling for things in Islam?\", \"options\": [\"Forbidden unless proven otherwise\", \"Permissible unless proven otherwise\", \"Recommended\", \"Neutral\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"Which of the following is haram in financial transactions?\", \"options\": [\"Partnerships\", \"Riba (interest)\", \"Trade with mutual consent\", \"Leasing\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"How much zakah is due on wealth held for one lunar year?\", \"options\": [\"1%\", \"2.5%\", \"5%\", \"10%\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"Men are prohibited from wearing which material?\", \"options\": [\"Cotton\", \"Wool\", \"Silk\", \"Linen\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-08T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-15T10:00:00.000Z"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "clx4a1b2c0011qrstuvwxyz01",
      "slug": "quranic-arabic-grammar",
      "title": "Quranic Arabic: Grammar & Morphology",
      "author": "Sh. Muhammad Al-Idrisi",
      "description": "An advanced course on the grammar (nahw) and morphology (sarf) of Classical Arabic as used in the Quran. Students will learn to analyze Quranic verses grammatically and understand the precise meanings conveyed through verb forms, cases, and sentence structures.",
      "imageUrl": "/images/courses/quranic-arabic.jpg",
      "moduleCount": 4,
      "totalMinutes": 60,
      "difficulty": "advanced",
      "giteaPath": "courses/quranic-arabic-grammar",
      "priceFlh": null,
      "priceUsd": null,
      "subscriptionOnly": true,
      "published": true,
      "createdAt": "2026-06-10T08:00:00.000Z",
      "updatedAt": "2026-06-25T16:00:00.000Z",
      "modules": [
        {
          "id": "clx4a1b2c0012qrstuvwxyz01",
          "courseId": "clx4a1b2c0011qrstuvwxyz01",
          "order": 1,
          "title": "Introduction to Arabic Grammar (Nahw)",
          "slug": "intro-arabic-grammar-nahw",
          "keyTakeaway": "Arabic sentences are either nominal (jumla ismiyyah) or verbal (jumla fi'liyyah). Understanding the three parts of speech — noun, verb, particle — is the foundation of nahw.",
          "duration": 15,
          "content": "## Introduction to Arabic Grammar (Nahw)\n\n### The Three Parts of Speech\n\n1. **Ism (Noun/اسم)** — A word that has meaning in itself without being tied to time.\n   - Examples: رجل (man), كتاب (book), مسجد (mosque)\n   - Includes pronouns, adjectives, and proper nouns\n\n2. **Fi'l (Verb/فعل)** — An action linked to a time.\n   - ماضي (past): كتب (he wrote)\n   - مضارع (present/future): يكتب (he writes/will write)\n   - أمر (command): اكتب (write!)\n\n3. **Harf (Particle/حرف)** — A word with no meaning by itself.\n   - Examples: في (in), على (on), من (from), هل (question particle)\n\n### Nominal vs. Verbal Sentences\n\n**Nominal Sentence (جملة اسمية)**\n- Begins with a noun\n- Has two parts: مبتدأ (subject/topic) + خبر (predicate)\n- Example: البيتُ كبيرٌ (The house is big)\n- Both are in nominative case (رفع)\n\n**Verbal Sentence (جملة فعلية)**\n- Begins with a verb\n- Has three parts: فعل (verb) + فاعل (subject/doer) + مفعول به (object) — optional\n- Example: كتبَ الطالبُ الدرسَ (The student wrote the lesson)\n\n### I'rab (Case Endings)\n- **Nominative (الرفع)** — Default case for subjects — marked by dammah (ـُ)\n- **Accusative (النصب)** — Objects and certain particles — marked by fatha (ـَ)\n- **Genitive (الجر)** — After prepositions and possession — marked by kasra (ـِ)\n\n> **Key insight:** A single dammah vs. fatha changes the entire grammatical role of a word in the verse. This is why nahw is essential for understanding the Quran.",
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/quranic-arabic-grammar/module-01.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"What are the three parts of speech in Arabic?\", \"options\": [\"Noun, verb, adjective\", \"Noun, verb, particle\", \"Subject, verb, object\", \"Past, present, command\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"A nominal sentence (jumlah ismiyyah) begins with:\", \"options\": [\"A verb\", \"A particle\", \"A noun\", \"An adverb\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}, {\"question\": \"Which case ending (i'rab) marks the subject (fa'il) of a verb?\", \"options\": [\"Nominative (raf') with dammah\", \"Accusative (nasb) with fatha\", \"Genitive (jarr) with kasra\", \"Jussive (jazm) with sukun\"], \"correctIndex\": 0}, {\"question\": \"In the sentence 'كتبَ الطالبُ الدرسَ', what case is 'الدرسَ'?\", \"options\": [\"Nominative\", \"Accusative\", \"Genitive\", \"Jussive\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-10T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-18T10:00:00.000Z"
        },
        {
          "id": "clx4a1b2c0013qrstuvwxyz01",
          "courseId": "clx4a1b2c0011qrstuvwxyz01",
          "order": 2,
          "title": "Verb Morphology (Sarf): The Root System",
          "slug": "verb-morphology-sarf-root-system",
          "keyTakeaway": "Classical Arabic verbs are built on a three-consonant root system. Changing the pattern (wazn) changes the meaning systematically — this is sarf.",
          "duration": 15,
          "content": "## Verb Morphology (Sarf): The Root System\n\n### The Arabic Root System\n\nAlmost every word in Arabic derives from a **three-consonant root** (جذر ثلاثي). The root carries the core meaning, and various patterns (أوزان) are applied to create related words.\n\n**Example: Root ك-ت-ب (k-t-b) — Writing**\n\n| Pattern | Word | Meaning |\n|---------|------|---------|\n| فَعَلَ | كَتَبَ | He wrote |\n| فاعَلَ | كاتَبَ | He corresponded |\n| أفعَلَ | أكتَبَ | He dictated |\n| تَفَعَّلَ | تَكَتَّبَ | He wrote to each other |\n| اِفتَعَلَ | اِكتَتَبَ | He copied / registered |\n| مَفعَلٌ | مَكتَبٌ | Office / desk |\n| فاعِلٌ | كاتِبٌ | Writer (subject noun) |\n| مَفعُولٌ | مَكتوبٌ | Written (object noun) |\n\n### The Ten Standard Verb Forms (الأوزان العشرة)\n\n1. **فَعَلَ** — Base form (e.g., نَصَرَ — he helped)\n2. **فَعَّلَ** — Intensification (e.g., كَسَّرَ — he smashed)\n3. **فاعَلَ** — Mutual action (e.g., ضارَبَ — he fought)\n4. **أفعَلَ** — Causative (e.g., أكرَمَ — he honored)\n5. **تَفَعَّلَ** — Reflexive (e.g., تَعَلَّمَ — he learned)\n6. **تَفاعَلَ** — Mutual/reciprocal (e.g., تَقاتَلَ — they fought each other)\n7. **اِنفَعَلَ** — Passive (e.g., اِنكَسَرَ — it broke)\n8. **اِفتَعَلَ** — Reflective/self (e.g., اِجتَهَدَ — he strived)\n9. **اِفعَلَّ** — Colors/defects (e.g., اِحمَرَّ — it turned red)\n10. **اِستَفعَلَ** — Request/estimation (e.g., اِستَغفَرَ — he asked for forgiveness)\n\n> **Quranic example:** The root ر-ح-م (mercy) appears across multiple forms: رحمة (mercy), رحيم (merciful), رحمن (the Most Merciful), استرحم (he begged for mercy).",
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/quranic-arabic-grammar/module-02.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"Most Arabic words are built on how many consonant letters?\", \"options\": [\"Two\", \"Three\", \"Four\", \"Five\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"Verb Form IV (أفعَلَ) generally indicates what?\", \"options\": [\"Intensification\", \"Mutual action\", \"Causative\", \"Passive\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}, {\"question\": \"Form VIII (اِفتَعَلَ) is often used for:\", \"options\": [\"Colors and defects\", \"Reflective/self-action\", \"Mutual action\", \"Requesting something\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What is the Form X (اِستَفعَلَ) of 'to forgive' (غفر)?\", \"options\": [\"غَفَرَ\", \"غَفَّرَ\", \"اِستَغفَرَ\", \"تَغَفَّرَ\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-11T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-18T10:00:00.000Z"
        },
        {
          "id": "clx4a1b2c0014qrstuvwxyz01",
          "courseId": "clx4a1b2c0011qrstuvwxyz01",
          "order": 3,
          "title": "Analyzing Quranic Verses Grammatically",
          "slug": "analyzing-quranic-verses",
          "keyTakeaway": "Every word in the Quran carries grammatical markers that unlock precise meaning. A single change in i'rab can alter the theological implication of an ayah.",
          "duration": 20,
          "content": "## Analyzing Quranic Verses Grammatically\n\n### Example 1: Ayat al-Kursi (2:255)\n\n> **اللَّهُ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ**\n\n- **اللَّهُ** — Subject (مبتدأ), nominative case\n- **لَا إِلَٰهَ** — لَا النافية للجنس (لا of negation) + its noun in accusative\n- **إِلَّا** — Particle of exception\n- **هُوَ** — Substitute in place of the predicate\n- **الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ** — Two adjectives of Allah, nominative\n\n### Example 2: Bismillah (1:1)\n\n> **بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ**\n\n- **بِ** — Preposition (حرف جر)\n- **سْمِ** — Noun, genitive case due to preposition\n- **اللَّهِ** — Possessive/noun in genitive (مضاف إليه)\n- **الرَّحْمَٰنِ** — First adjective, genitive following the noun\n- **الرَّحِيمِ** — Second adjective, genitive\n\n### Example 3: Key Grammatical Features in the Quran\n\n1. **إعراب (I'rab)** — Case endings that determine meaning\n   - إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ — \"You alone we worship\" (object pronoun placed before verb for emphasis)\n2. **التقديم والتأخير (Fronting and delaying)** — Changes emphasis\n   - إِنَّمَا يَخْشَى اللَّهَ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ الْعُلَمَاءُ — The subject is delayed for emphasis\n3. **الحذف (Ellipsis)** — Words are omitted for conciseness\n   - وَلَا يُفْلِحُ الْكَافِرُونَ — The implicit \"indeed\" (قَدْ) is understood\n4. **الضمير (Pronouns)** — Often refer back to Allah in ambiguous ways for tawhid emphasis\n\n> **Benefit:** Understanding nahw allows you to see why scholars derive different rulings from the same verse — often it hinges on a single grammatical analysis.",
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/quranic-arabic-grammar/module-03.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"In 'بِسْمِ اللَّهِ', the word 'اللَّهِ' is in which grammatical case?\", \"options\": [\"Nominative\", \"Accusative\", \"Genitive\", \"Jussive\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}, {\"question\": \"In 'إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ', the fronting of 'إِيَّاكَ' before the verb indicates:\", \"options\": [\"Negation\", \"Emphasis/exclusivity\", \"Question\", \"Condition\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"'الرَّحْمَٰنِ' in the basmalah is grammatically what?\", \"options\": [\"A verb\", \"A predicate\", \"An adjective following the noun\", \"An object\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}, {\"question\": \"لا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ — what grammatical construction is 'لا إِلَٰهَ'?\", \"options\": [\"Negative verb\", \"لا of generic negation\", \"Prohibition\", \"Relative clause\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-12T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-18T10:00:00.000Z"
        },
        {
          "id": "clx4a1b2c0015qrstuvwxyz01",
          "courseId": "clx4a1b2c0011qrstuvwxyz01",
          "order": 4,
          "title": "Rhetoric (Balaaghah) & Quranic Style",
          "slug": "rhetoric-balaaghah-quranic-style",
          "keyTakeaway": "Balaaghah is the science of eloquence. The Quran is the ultimate example of Arabic eloquence, and studying its rhetorical devices deepens both appreciation and understanding.",
          "duration": 10,
          "content": "## Rhetoric (Balaaghah) & Quranic Style\n\nBalaaghah (بلاغة) is divided into three sciences:\n\n### 1. 'Ilm al-Ma'ani (علم المعاني) — The study of sentence construction\nFocuses on how the structure of a sentence affects its meaning.\n\n- **Khabar vs. Insha'** — Statements vs. requests\n- **Qasr (Restriction)** — Restricting something to another (e.g., إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ = You ALONE we worship)\n- **Ijaaz (Brevity) vs. Itnaab (Elaboration)** — When to be concise vs. detailed\n\n### 2. 'Ilm al-Bayan (علم البيان) — The study of figurative language\n- **Tashbih (Simile)** — Explicit comparison using كَ (like) or كَأَنَّ (as if)\n  - Example: \"He is like a donkey carrying books\" (62:5)\n- **Isti'arah (Metaphor)** — Implicit comparison\n  - Example: \"They have hearts but do not understand\" (7:179) — heart as seat of understanding\n- **Kinaayah (Metonymy)** — Indirect reference\n  - Example: \"And lower your wing to the believers\" (15:88) — be humble\n\n### 3. 'Ilm al-Badi' (علم البديع) — The study of rhetorical embellishments\n- **Jinas (Paronomasia/Punning)** — Using the same root in different forms\n  - Example: \"When the earth is shaken with its shake\" (99:1) — زِلْزَالَ vs زَلْزَلَت\n- **Tibaq (Antithesis)** — Juxtaposition of opposites\n  - Example: \"And that He causes to laugh and causes to weep\" (53:43)\n- **Mura'ah al-Nazir (Congruence)** — Mentioning related concepts together\n\n### Why Balaaghah Matters for Quranic Understanding\n\nMany objections to the Quran from non-Arabic speakers arise because they miss the rhetorical layers. For example, the seemingly repetitive verses in the Quran are actually masterclasses in emphasis, variation, and audience awareness.\n\n> **The challenge of the Quran:** \"And if you are in doubt about what We have revealed to Our servant, then produce a surah like it...\" (2:23) — the inimitability (**I'jaz**) of the Quran lies partly in its unmatched balaaghah.",
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/quranic-arabic-grammar/module-04.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"What does 'Ilm al-Bayan study?\", \"options\": [\"Sentence construction\", \"Figurative language and imagery\", \"Rhetorical embellishments\", \"Verb morphology\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"The Quranic phrase 'lower your wing to the believers' is an example of:\", \"options\": [\"Simile (tashbih)\", \"Metaphor (isti'arah)\", \"Metonymy (kinaayah)\", \"Antithesis (tibaq)\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}, {\"question\": \"إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ is an example of which rhetorical device?\", \"options\": [\"Simile\", \"Restriction (qasr)\", \"Punning (jinas)\", \"Elaboration (itnaab)\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"The inimitability of the Quran is known as:\", \"options\": [\"Balaaghah\", \"I'jaz\", \"Nahw\", \"Sarf\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-13T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-18T10:00:00.000Z"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "daily-fiqh-beginner",
      "title": "Daily Fiqh for Beginners",
      "author": "FalahMobile Learning",
      "description": "Essential rulings for everyday Muslim life — from waking up to going to bed. Short lessons you can listen to during your commute or while making breakfast.",
      "imageUrl": "/images/courses/daily-fiqh-beginner.jpg",
      "difficulty": "beginner",
      "giteaPath": "courses/daily-fiqh-beginner",
      "priceFlh": null,
      "priceUsd": null,
      "subscriptionOnly": false,
      "published": true,
      "modules": [
        {
          "order": 1,
          "title": "The Intention of Wudu",
          "slug": "intention-of-wudu",
          "keyTakeaway": "Wudu only counts if you intend it. The intention is the aim of the heart, not words on the tongue.",
          "duration": 2,
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/daily-fiqh-beginner/module-01.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"Where does the intention for wudu need to be made?\", \"options\": [\"Before touching water\", \"While washing the face\", \"After finishing wudu\", \"Loudly, so others can hear\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What did the Prophet ﷺ say is washed away when a Muslim washes his face during wudu?\", \"options\": [\"Dust and dirt\", \"Every sin committed with the eyes\", \"Bad thoughts\", \"Physical impurities\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"Is saying 'Bismillah' the same as making the intention for wudu?\", \"options\": [\"Yes, Bismillah is the intention\", \"No, Bismillah is recommended but the intention is in the heart\", \"Yes, saying Bismillah replaces the need for intention\", \"No, the intention is spoken aloud separately\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"When must the intention for wudu exist for it to be valid?\", \"options\": [\"Before entering the bathroom\", \"When you begin washing your face\", \"After completing all steps\", \"When you say the shahadah after wudu\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}]",
          "content": "## 🎯 Key Concept\n\nWudu is not just washing body parts — it is a spiritual reset. The Prophet ﷺ said, \"When a Muslim performs wudu and washes his face, every sin he committed with his eyes is washed away. When he washes his hands, every sin committed with his hands is washed away.\" (Sahih Muslim 244)\n\nBut wudu only counts if you **intend** it. The intention is the invisible thread that transforms a shower into worship.\n\n## 📖 Details\n\n**What is the intention?**\n\nIt is simply knowing in your heart: *I am doing this to purify myself for prayer, or to remove ritual impurity.* You do not need to speak it aloud. The scholars say the intention is \"the aim of the heart.\"\n\n**When to make it:**\n\nThe intention must exist when you begin washing your face — the first act of wudu. If you start washing and then remember, \"Oh, I should make wudu,\" it counts as long as you intended it before finishing.\n\n**Common mistake:**\n\nSome people say \"Bismillah\" and assume that is the intention. Bismillah is recommended, but it is not the intention itself. The intention lives in the heart, not on the tongue.\n\n## 🤔 Reflection\n\nThink about your last wudu. Were you rushing through it while mentally scrolling your to-do list? What if you paused at the tap and thought: *This water is washing away more than dust — it is washing away mistakes?*\n\n## ⚡ Action Step\n\nBefore your next prayer, stand at the sink for five seconds. Say silently: *I intend wudu to purify myself for prayer.* Feel the intention settle. Then begin.\n\n---\n\n*Sources: Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Fiqh us-Sunnah (Sayyid Sabiq)*",
          "id": "clx_mg_fix_003_mod_01"
        },
        {
          "order": 2,
          "title": "How to Perform Wudu Step by Step",
          "slug": "how-to-perform-wudu",
          "keyTakeaway": "Four acts in order: face, arms, head, feet. Each with tranquility. The Quran describes wudu with elegant precision.",
          "duration": 3,
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/daily-fiqh-beginner/module-02.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"What is the correct order of the four essential acts of wudu as described in Quran 5:6?\", \"options\": [\"Face, arms to elbows, wipe head, feet to ankles\", \"Hands, face, arms, feet\", \"Face, head, arms, feet\", \"Feet, arms, face, head\"], \"correctIndex\": 0}, {\"question\": \"According to the Sunnah, what did the Prophet ﷺ say about the ears in wudu?\", \"options\": [\"The ears must be washed separately with soap\", \"The ears are part of the head\", \"Wiping the ears is optional\", \"The ears are wiped before the face\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What should you say after completing wudu according to the Prophet ﷺ?\", \"options\": [\"SubhanAllah\", \"Ashhadu an la ilaha ill-Allah... wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan abduhu wa rasuluh\", \"Allahu Akbar\", \"Alhamdulillah\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"How should a person with a thick beard wash their face during wudu?\", \"options\": [\"Skip the beard area entirely\", \"Run wet fingers through the beard\", \"Wash only the exposed skin under the beard\", \"Shave the beard before wudu\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}]",
          "content": "## 🎯 Key Concept\n\nAllah describes wudu in the Quran with elegant precision: \"Wash your faces, your hands to the elbows, wipe your heads, and wash your feet to the ankles.\" (5:6). Four acts, in order, done mindfully.\n\n## 📖 Details\n\n**Step 1: Face**\nWash from the hairline to the chin, and from ear to ear. The water must touch the skin. If you have a thick beard, run your wet fingers through it. The Prophet ﷺ did this.\n\n**Step 2: Arms to Elbows**\nWash from fingertips to elbows. Start with the right arm, then the left. Some scholars say order is recommended, not mandatory — but following the Sunnah brings barakah.\n\n**Step 3: Head**\nWipe the head with wet hands, from front to back and back to front. You only need to touch the hair or scalp. A single wipe is enough.\n\n**Step 4: Ears**\nWipe the inside and back of the ears with your wet index fingers and thumbs. The Prophet ﷺ said, \"The ears are part of the head.\" (Sunan Abi Dawud 111)\n\n**Step 5: Feet to Ankles**\nWash the feet, including between the toes, up to the ankle bone. Start right, then left.\n\n**What to say:**\nBismillah before starting. After finishing, the Prophet ﷺ would say: \"Ashhadu an la ilaha ill-Allah wahdahu la sharika lah, wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan abduhu wa rasuluh\" — bearing witness to the Oneness of Allah and the prophethood of Muhammad.\n\n## 🤔 Reflection\n\nWudu takes about two minutes. Yet it washes away sins and prepares you to stand before Allah. Compare that to the time you spend on social media. What if wudu became your favorite two minutes of the day?\n\n## ⚡ Action Step\n\nPerform wudu now, even if you do not need to pray immediately. Pay attention to every limb. Do not rush. Notice how your heart slows down.\n\n---\n\n*Sources: Quran 5:6, Sahih al-Bukhari, Sunan Abi Dawud*",
          "id": "clx_mg_fix_003_mod_02"
        },
        {
          "order": 3,
          "title": "When Wudu Breaks",
          "slug": "when-wudu-breaks",
          "keyTakeaway": "Eight things break wudu. If you are unsure, assume you did not break it. Build on certainty, not suspicion.",
          "duration": 2,
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/daily-fiqh-beginner/module-03.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"If you are unsure whether you broke your wudu, what should you assume according to the Sunnah?\", \"options\": [\"Assume you broke it and repeat wudu\", \"Assume you did not break it and continue praying\", \"Ask someone nearby what they think\", \"Skip the prayer to be safe\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"Which of the following does NOT break wudu?\", \"options\": [\"Deep sleep while lying down\", \"Touching the private parts with the palm\", \"Vomiting\", \"Loss of consciousness\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}, {\"question\": \"The Prophet ﷺ said one should not leave the mosque due to doubt about wudu unless:\", \"options\": [\"Someone tells you to leave\", \"You hear a sound or smell an odor\", \"You feel a slight movement in your stomach\", \"You remember you did not make wudu\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"Which of the following specifically breaks wudu according to the module?\", \"options\": [\"Kissing your spouse\", \"Bleeding from a small cut\", \"Eating camel meat\", \"Laughing loudly in prayer\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}]",
          "content": "## 🎯 Key Concept\n\nWudu is a fragile state. The Prophet ﷺ described it as light on the face that fades when something breaks it. Knowing what breaks wudu saves you from praying in an invalid state — which is like building a house on sand.\n\n## 📖 Details\n\n**The eight things that break wudu:**\n\n1. **Anything exiting the front or back passage** — urine, stool, gas, or any other substance\n2. **Deep sleep** — if you lose awareness while lying down\n3. **Loss of consciousness** — fainting, intoxication, or anesthesia\n4. **Touching the private parts** — with the palm or inner fingers\n5. **Touching another's private parts** — with desire\n6. **Eating camel meat** — a specific ruling for camel\n7. **Apostasy** — leaving Islam (Allah forbid)\n8. **Blood or pus** — flowing from the body (minority view, but worth knowing)\n\n**What does NOT break wudu:**\n\n- Touching a non-mahram (the Prophet ﷺ shook hands with women)\n- Kissing your spouse (with or without desire)\n- Bleeding from a small cut\n- Vomiting\n- Laughing loudly in prayer (this breaks the prayer, not the wudu)\n- Doubting whether you broke wudu — certainty is required\n\n**The doubt rule:**\nIf you are unsure whether you broke wudu, assume you did not. The Prophet ﷺ said, \"If one of you feels something in his stomach and is unsure whether something came out, he should not leave the mosque unless he hears a sound or smells an odor.\" (Sahih Muslim 550)\n\n## 🤔 Reflection\n\nMany Muslims anxiously question their wudu status. How many prayers have been delayed by unnecessary doubt? The Sunnah teaches: build on certainty, not suspicion. Are you overthinking your purity?\n\n## ⚡ Action Step\n\nMake a mental note of the doubt rule. Next time you wonder, \"Did I break wudu?\" — if you are not sure, you did not. Proceed with confidence.\n\n---\n\n*Sources: Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Fiqh us-Sunnah*",
          "id": "clx_mg_fix_003_mod_03"
        },
        {
          "order": 4,
          "title": "The Call to Prayer",
          "slug": "the-call-to-prayer",
          "keyTakeaway": "The adhan is an invitation from Allah. Repeat after the muezzin, send blessings on the Prophet, and make dua.",
          "duration": 2,
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/daily-fiqh-beginner/module-04.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"What should you do immediately upon hearing the adhan?\", \"options\": [\"Rush to the prayer mat\", \"Repeat what the muezzin says\", \"Start eating if you were about to break your fast\", \"Change into clean clothes\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What should you do after the muezzin finishes the adhan, before making dua?\", \"options\": [\"Pray two rak'ahs\", \"Send blessings on the Prophet ﷺ\", \"Recite Surah al-Fatihah\", \"Give charity\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What is the wasilah that Muslims ask for after the adhan?\", \"options\": [\"A type of prayer mat\", \"The highest level of Paradise\", \"A special drink in Jannah\", \"A position of leadership\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What did the Prophet ﷺ say about supplication made between the adhan and iqamah?\", \"options\": [\"It is not accepted\", \"It is not rejected\", \"It must be in Arabic\", \"It is only for prophets\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}]",
          "content": "## 🎯 Key Concept\n\nThe adhan is more than a reminder — it is an invitation from Allah. When you hear it, you are being personally called to success. The Prophet ﷺ said, \"When you hear the muezzin, repeat what he says, then invoke blessings on me.\" (Sahih Muslim 384)\n\n## 📖 Details\n\n**What to do when you hear the adhan:**\n\n1. **Repeat after the muezzin** — silently or softly, phrase by phrase\n2. **Send blessings on the Prophet ﷺ** after the muezzin finishes\n3. **Ask for the wasilah** — the highest level of Paradise\n4. **Make dua** — your supplication between adhan and iqamah is not rejected\n\n**The exact dua:**\n\nAfter sending blessings on the Prophet ﷺ, say:\n> *Allahumma Rabba hadhihid-da'watit-tammah, was-salatil-qa'imah, ati Muhammadanil-wasilata wal-fadhilah, wab'athu maqaman mahmuda nilladhi wa'adtah.*\n\n(O Allah, Lord of this perfect call and established prayer, grant Muhammad the wasilah and virtue, and raise him to the praised station You promised him.)\n\n**After the adhan:**\n\nDo not rush. The time between adhan and iqamah is precious. Use it for:\n- Dua (supplication)\n- Optional prayer (rawatib/sunna prayers)\n- Quiet preparation\n\n**Modern challenge:**\n\nMany of us hear the adhan on our phones rather than from a mosque. The same rules apply. Pause. Respond. Let the call interrupt your day intentionally.\n\n## 🤔 Reflection\n\nThe adhan interrupts work, sleep, conversation, and entertainment — on purpose. It is a scheduled disruption designed to reorient your heart. Do you treat it as an annoyance or an invitation? What would change if you stopped everything for 60 seconds when you heard it?\n\n## ⚡ Action Step\n\nSet your phone's adhan notification to a voice you love, not a jarring beep. For the next three adhans, stop what you are doing, repeat the words, and make one sincere dua before the iqamah.\n\n---\n\n*Sources: Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Sunan al-Nasa'i*",
          "id": "clx_mg_fix_003_mod_04"
        },
        {
          "order": 5,
          "title": "The Essentials of Salah",
          "slug": "essentials-of-salah",
          "keyTakeaway": "Salah has 14 pillars. Missing any intentionally invalidates the prayer. Tranquility over speed.",
          "duration": 3,
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/daily-fiqh-beginner/module-05.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"Which surah must be recited in every rak'ah of every prayer?\", \"options\": [\"Surah al-Ikhlas\", \"Surah al-Fatiha\", \"Surah al-Baqarah\", \"Any surah the worshipper chooses\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"How many pillars (arkan) does salah have according to the module?\", \"options\": [\"10\", \"12\", \"14\", \"16\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}, {\"question\": \"What is sujud as-sahw (prostration of forgetfulness) used for?\", \"options\": [\"To start the prayer\", \"To correct accidental mistakes in salah\", \"To end the prayer early\", \"To thank Allah after prayer\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What was the Prophet's ﷺ practice regarding the pace of his prayer?\", \"options\": [\"He prayed very quickly\", \"He prayed so slowly companions felt fully present\", \"He prayed at a medium pace\", \"He varied speed each rak'ah\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}]",
          "content": "## 🎯 Key Concept\n\nSalah is the backbone of a Muslim's day. The Prophet ﷺ said, \"The first matter that the slave will be brought to account for on the Day of Judgment is the prayer. If it is sound, the rest of his deeds will be sound. If it is corrupt, the rest of his deeds will be corrupt.\" (Sunan al-Tirmidhi 413)\n\nSalah has **14 pillars (arkan)**. Missing any one intentionally invalidates the prayer. Missing it by forgetfulness requires the forgetfulness prostration (sujud as-sahw) at the end.\n\n## 📖 Details\n\n**The 14 Pillars of Salah:**\n\n**Before Salah:**\n1. **Standing** (if able) — for obligatory prayers\n2. **The opening takbir** — saying *Allahu Akbar* to begin\n3. **Reciting al-Fatiha** — in every rak'ah of every prayer\n4. **Bowing (ruku)** — with tranquility\n5. **Rising from ruku** — with tranquility\n6. **Prostration (sujud)** — forehead, nose, hands, knees, and toes touching the ground\n7. **Sitting between prostrations** — with tranquility\n8. **The final tashahhud** — the testimony after the last sitting\n9. **Sitting for the final tashahhud** — with tranquility\n10. **The taslim** — saying *As-salamu alaykum* to end the prayer\n\n**During the prayer:**\n11. **Order** — the pillars must be performed in sequence\n12. **Tranquility (tuma'ninah)** — each position must be still for a moment\n13. **Intention** — knowing which prayer you are performing\n14. **Facing the qibla** — toward the Ka'bah in Makkah\n\n**The Forgetfulness Prostration:**\n\nIf you accidentally miss a pillar (like skipping a ruku or adding an extra rak'ah), prostrate twice *before* the taslim and say: *Subhana Rabbiyal-A'la* (Glory be to my Lord, the Most High).\n\n## 🤔 Reflection\n\nMany Muslims pray quickly, rushing through positions like a checklist. The Prophet ﷺ prayed so slowly that a companion said, \"I wanted to do something bad but remembered I was in prayer.\" (Sahih Muslim 543) What if your prayer was so present that it stopped you from sinning?\n\n## ⚡ Action Step\n\nIn your next prayer, add one extra second to each position. Feel your weight in ruku. Feel the ground beneath your forehead in sujud. Notice your breathing slow. That one second is the difference between a transaction and a conversation.\n\n---\n\n*Sources: Quran 2:238, Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Sunan al-Tirmidhi*",
          "id": "clx_mg_fix_003_mod_05"
        }
      ],
      "totalMinutes": 12,
      "id": "clx_mg_fix_003"
    },
    {
      "slug": "ramadan-fasting-essentials",
      "title": "Ramadan & Fasting Essentials",
      "author": "FalahMobile Learning",
      "description": "Everything a beginner needs to know about fasting in Ramadan — from the intention and suhoor to what breaks the fast, who is exempt, and how to catch Laylat al-Qadr.",
      "imageUrl": "/images/courses/ramadan-fasting.jpg",
      "difficulty": "beginner",
      "giteaPath": "courses/ramadan-fasting-essentials",
      "priceFlh": null,
      "priceUsd": null,
      "subscriptionOnly": false,
      "published": true,
      "modules": [
        {
          "order": 1,
          "title": "The Meaning & Virtue of Fasting",
          "slug": "meaning-virtue-fasting",
          "keyTakeaway": "Fasting is the fourth pillar of Islam. It is not merely abstaining from food — it is a shield that protects from sin and draws the believer closer to Allah.",
          "duration": 2,
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/ramadan-fasting-essentials/module-01.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"What is the primary spiritual purpose of fasting beyond abstaining from food?\", \"options\": [\"To lose weight\", \"To train the soul in taqwa (God-consciousness)\", \"To save money on groceries\", \"To prepare for the Day of Judgment only\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"Fasting is the _____ pillar of Islam.\", \"options\": [\"Second\", \"Third\", \"Fourth\", \"Fifth\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}, {\"question\": \"In the Quran (2:183), what purpose is given for fasting being prescribed?\", \"options\": [\"That you may become wealthy\", \"That you may become righteous (taqwa)\", \"That you may become strong\", \"That you may travel\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"Which of the following is NOT a virtue specific to Ramadan mentioned in the module?\", \"options\": [\"The gates of Paradise are opened\", \"The gates of Hell are closed\", \"The devils are chained\", \"All sins of a lifetime are automatically forgiven\"], \"correctIndex\": 3}]",
          "content": "## 🎯 Key Concept\n\nFasting (Sawm) is the **fourth pillar of Islam**. Every Muslim who has reached puberty, is sane, and physically able must fast the month of Ramadan. But fasting is far more than skipping meals — it is a comprehensive spiritual reset.\n\nThe Prophet ﷺ said, \"Fasting is a shield. When one of you is fasting, let him not behave in an obscene manner nor raise his voice. If someone insults him or fights with him, let him say: 'I am fasting, I am fasting.'\" (Sahih al-Bukhari 1894)\n\n## 📖 Details\n\n**What fasting means linguistically:**\n\nSawm (صوم) means to abstain. In Islamic law, it means abstaining from food, drink, sexual intercourse, and anything entering the body through a normal pathway from true dawn (fajr) until sunset (maghrib), with the intention of worship.\n\n**The Quranic command:**\n\n> 'O you who believe, decreed upon you is fasting as it was decreed upon those before you, that you may become righteous.' (Quran 2:183)\n\n**Virtues specific to Ramadan:**\n- The gates of Paradise are opened\n- The gates of Hell are closed\n- The devils are chained\n- Every night, Allah frees people from the Hellfire\n\n**Beyond Ramadan:**\n\nFasting is also recommended on:\n- The six days of Shawwal (after Eid)\n- Mondays and Thursdays\n- The 13th, 14th, and 15th of each lunar month\n- The Day of Arafah (9th Dhul-Hijjah)\n- The Day of Ashura (10th Muharram)\n\n## 🤔 Reflection\n\nIf fasting were only about hunger, athletes would be the most pious people. But fasting is about the **soul's discipline over the body**. What area of your life needs that same discipline? Your tongue? Your screen time? Your anger? Ramadan is a training camp for the entire year.\n\n## ⚡ Action Step\n\nWrite down three habits you want to control this Ramadan — not just food-related, but speech, anger, or social media. Post the list where you will see it every morning at suhoor.\n\n---\n\n*Sources: Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Tafsir Ibn Kathir*",
          "id": "clx_mg_fix_004_mod_01"
        },
        {
          "order": 2,
          "title": "The Intention & Suhoor",
          "slug": "intention-and-suhoor",
          "keyTakeaway": "The intention for fasting must be made before dawn. Suhoor is a blessed meal — the Prophet ﷺ called it the meal of the righteous.",
          "duration": 2,
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/ramadan-fasting-essentials/module-02.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"When must the intention for fasting Ramadan be made?\", \"options\": [\"The night before before sleeping\", \"Before the time of Fajr begins\", \"After Dhuhr prayer\", \"Any time during the day\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What did the Prophet ﷺ say about suhoor?\", \"options\": [\"It is not recommended\", \"In suhoor there is blessing\", \"Only water is needed for suhoor\", \"Suhoor should be skipped to increase reward\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What should you do if you wake up and eat without remembering it is Ramadan, then recall later?\", \"options\": [\"Your fast is broken and must be made up\", \"Your fast is valid because the general intention of Ramadan was present\", \"You must fast two days as penalty\", \"You must only make up that day after Ramadan\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What is the difference between true dawn (al-fajr al-sadiq) and false dawn?\", \"options\": [\"True dawn is vertical light; false dawn is horizontal\", \"True dawn is horizontal light spreading across the sky; false dawn is vertical\", \"They are the same thing\", \"True dawn occurs after sunrise\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}]",
          "content": "## 🎯 Key Concept\n\nEvery act of worship in Islam requires intention (niyyah). Without it, fasting is merely starvation. The Prophet ﷺ said, \"Actions are judged by intentions.\" (Sahih al-Bukhari 1)\n\nFor Ramadan, the intention must be made **before the time of Fajr begins** — meaning before the first thread of light appears on the horizon. You do not need to verbalize it. Simply knowing in your heart that you are fasting tomorrow is sufficient.\n\n## 📖 Details\n\n**The Suhoor meal:**\n\nSuhoor is the pre-dawn meal eaten before the fast begins. The Prophet ﷺ said, \"Eat suhoor, for in suhoor there is blessing.\" (Sahih al-Bukhari 1923)\n\n- **Timing:** Eat until just before Fajr adhan. Stop when the first light appears.\n- **What to eat:** Complex carbohydrates (oats, dates), protein (eggs, yogurt), and plenty of water. Avoid fried and salty foods.\n- **The dua:** The Prophet ﷺ would say at suhoor: 'Al-barakatu fi 'a-immah' (Blessing is in the early morning meal).\n\n**Common mistakes with intention:**\n\n1. **Assuming the intention carries over:** You must renew the intention each night. The intention from last Ramadan does not count.\n2. **Verbalizing incorrectly:** Some say 'I intend to fast tomorrow.' But you are already IN today before dawn. The correct framing is simply: 'I am fasting today.'\n3. **Forgetting entirely:** If you wake up and eat without remembering it is Ramadan, then recall later in the day, your fast is valid because the general intention of Ramadan was present.\n\n**The Adhan and Fajr timing:**\n\nBe careful with calculation apps. The true dawn (al-fajr al-sadiq) is when the horizontal light spreads across the sky, not the vertical light. Many apps conflate this. When in doubt, stop eating 10-15 minutes before the stated Fajr time to be safe.\n\n## 🤔 Reflection\n\nHow often do you eat breakfast on autopilot? Suhoor is the one meal designed to be eaten with full consciousness. You are literally preparing to meet Allah. What if you treated every suhoor like a pre-flight safety briefing for your soul?\n\n## ⚡ Action Step\n\nSet your suhoor alarm 20 minutes before Fajr, not 5 minutes. Use those 20 minutes to eat slowly, drink water, and make one sincere dua before the adhan.\n\n---\n\n*Sources: Sahih al-Bukhari, Sunan Abi Dawud, Fiqh us-Sunnah*",
          "id": "clx_mg_fix_004_mod_02"
        },
        {
          "order": 3,
          "title": "What Breaks the Fast & Common Mistakes",
          "slug": "what-breaks-the-fast",
          "keyTakeaway": "Eating, drinking, and sexual intercourse intentionally break the fast. Mistakes like forgetting or eating without knowledge do not break it.",
          "duration": 3,
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/ramadan-fasting-essentials/module-03.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"If someone eats while genuinely forgetting they are fasting, what is the ruling?\", \"options\": [\"The fast is broken and must be made up\", \"The fast is broken and requires kaffarah (expiation)\", \"The fast is still valid; they should continue\", \"They must fast an extra day as punishment\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}, {\"question\": \"What expiation (kaffarah) is required for intentionally breaking the fast through sexual intercourse?\", \"options\": [\"Fasting 3 days\", \"Freeing a slave or fasting 60 consecutive days or feeding 60 poor people\", \"Paying a small fine\", \"Praying 100 rak'ahs\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"Which of the following does NOT break the fast?\", \"options\": [\"Intentionally induced vomiting\", \"Menstruation\", \"Unintentional vomiting\", \"Smoking\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}, {\"question\": \"If a person accidentally eats or drinks during fasting, what must they do upon remembering?\", \"options\": [\"Continue eating since it's already broken\", \"Stop immediately and continue fasting\", \"Spit out the food and restart the fast the next day\", \"Make up that day after Ramadan\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}]",
          "content": "## 🎯 Key Concept\n\nFasting is a contract between you and Allah. There are things that break this contract, and things that do not. The difference between an intentional violation and an accidental one is the difference between a broken fast and a preserved one.\n\nThe Prophet ﷺ said, \"Allah has excused for my ummah mistakes, forgetfulness, and what they are forced to do.\" (Ibn Majah 2045)\n\n## 📖 Details\n\n**Things that break the fast (if done intentionally):**\n\n1. **Eating or drinking** — anything that reaches the stomach through the mouth, nose, or throat\n2. **Sexual intercourse** — requires both making up the fast AND kaffarah (expiation: freeing a slave, or fasting 60 consecutive days, or feeding 60 poor people)\n3. **Voluntary vomiting** — if you induce it intentionally\n4. **Menstruation and postpartum bleeding** — a woman's fast is broken by the start of either; she makes up the days later\n\n**Things that do NOT break the fast:**\n\n1. **Eating or drinking by mistake or forgetfulness** — continue fasting\n2. **Unintentional vomiting** — continue fasting\n3. **Swallowing saliva** — normal and permissible\n4. **Using miswak or toothbrush** — permissible, but avoid swallowing toothpaste\n5. **Eye drops, ear drops, and skin creams** — do not break the fast\n6. **Injections (non-nutritional)** — vaccines, insulin, and medical injections are permissible\n7. **Nosebleed or bleeding from a cut** — does not break the fast\n8. **Wet dreams** — natural and does not break the fast; ghusl is required before Fajr for the fast to be valid\n\n**Gray areas:**\n\n- **Rinsing the mouth (madmadah):** Permissible, but avoid excessive gargling. If water is swallowed intentionally, it breaks the fast.\n- **Kissing and touching spouse:** Permissible if you can control yourself. If it leads to ejaculation, the fast is broken.\n- **Smoking:** Breaks the fast. Inhaling anything intentionally through the mouth that reaches the throat breaks the fast.\n\n**The forgetfulness rule:**\n\nIf you eat or drink forgetfully, you must stop immediately upon remembering. Do NOT continue eating 'because it is already broken.' It is NOT broken. The Prophet ﷺ said Allah fed you.\n\n## 🤔 Reflection\n\nMany Muslims live in anxiety about whether their fast is valid. \"Did I swallow water while rinsing? Did my gum bleed?\" The Sunnah teaches us mercy. Allah does not burden a soul beyond what it can bear. Are you being harder on yourself than Allah is?\n\n## ⚡ Action Step\n\nIf you accidentally eat or drink this Ramadan, say 'Alhamdulillah' and continue. Do not let Shaytan convince you to abandon the rest of the day. The fast is still valid.\n\n---\n\n*Sources: Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Sunan al-Nasa'i, Fiqh us-Sunnah*",
          "id": "clx_mg_fix_004_mod_03"
        },
        {
          "order": 4,
          "title": "Who Is Exempt & How to Make Up Fasts",
          "slug": "exemptions-and-make-up",
          "keyTakeaway": "Illness, travel, pregnancy, breastfeeding, and old age are valid exemptions. Each category has specific rules for making up fasts or paying fidyah.",
          "duration": 2,
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/ramadan-fasting-essentials/module-04.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"A pregnant woman fears fasting will harm her baby. What should she do?\", \"options\": [\"Fast anyway and trust Allah\", \"Break the fast and feed one poor person per day\", \"Break the fast and make up the days later; feeding is only if she cannot make up\", \"Skip Ramadan entirely with no make-up\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}, {\"question\": \"What is fidyah for someone who cannot fast due to permanent illness or old age?\", \"options\": [\"Fasting one month after recovery\", \"Feeding one poor person for each day missed\", \"Praying extra salah\", \"Giving 10% of one's wealth\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"By when must missed fasts from Ramadan be made up?\", \"options\": [\"Within one month\", \"Before the next Ramadan\", \"Within one year\", \"Any time before death\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What did the Prophet ﷺ say about accepting Allah's concessions?\", \"options\": [\"They should be avoided for greater reward\", \"Allah loves that His concessions be taken just as He hates that His commands be disobeyed\", \"Only the sick may use concessions\", \"Concessions are only for travelers\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}]",
          "content": "## 🎯 Key Concept\n\nAllah says: 'Allah intends for you ease and does not intend for you hardship.' (2:185). The Shari'ah is not a burden — it is a mercy. There are five categories of people excused from fasting, and each has a clear path forward.\n\n## 📖 Details\n\n**The five exemptions:**\n\n1. **The sick person**\n   - If fasting will worsen the illness, delay recovery, or cause significant hardship, they are excused.\n   - Must make up the days when healthy.\n   - Chronic illness with no hope of recovery: pays fidyah (feeding one poor person per day).\n\n2. **The traveler**\n   - Defined as a journey of approximately 80km+ one way, with the intention of staying less than 15 days.\n   - The traveler MAY fast or break the fast — both are permitted.\n   - If breaking, must make up later.\n   - The Prophet ﷺ would sometimes fast while traveling and sometimes break the fast, showing flexibility.\n\n3. **The pregnant woman**\n   - If fasting causes harm to herself or the baby, she breaks the fast.\n   - Must make up the days later.\n   - If unable to make up (due to continuous pregnancies or weakness), pays fidyah.\n\n4. **The breastfeeding woman**\n   - Same ruling as pregnant: break if harm is feared, make up later, or pay fidyah if making up is not possible.\n\n5. **The elderly or permanently weak**\n   - If unable to fast due to old age or chronic weakness with no hope of recovery, pays fidyah.\n   - No need to make up — the inability is permanent.\n\n**Fidyah details:**\n\nFidyah means feeding one poor person for each day missed. The classical amount is half a saa' of the local staple food per day — approximately 1.5 kg of wheat, rice, or dates. In modern terms, this is roughly the cost of one meal in your local area.\n\n**Making up missed fasts (qada):**\n\n- Must be done before the next Ramadan\n- Can be done on any day except the two Eids and the days of Tashreeq (11th-13th Dhul-Hijjah)\n- Recommended to make up quickly rather than delaying\n- Can be combined with the six days of Shawwal for double reward\n\n## 🤔 Reflection\n\nSome Muslims feel guilty for breaking a fast due to legitimate exemption. But guilt is from Shaytan when the excuse is valid. The Prophet ﷺ said, 'Allah loves that His concessions be taken just as He hates that His commands be disobeyed.' (Sunan al-Bayhaqi) Have you been accepting Allah's mercy, or rejecting it through false guilt?\n\n## ⚡ Action Step\n\nIf you have missed fasts from previous Ramadan, count them now. Schedule one make-up fast per week. Add it to your calendar like an important meeting — because it is an appointment with Allah.\n\n---\n\n*Sources: Quran 2:184-185, Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Sunan al-Tirmidhi*",
          "id": "clx_mg_fix_004_mod_04"
        },
        {
          "order": 5,
          "title": "Laylat al-Qadr & The Last Ten Nights",
          "slug": "laylat-al-qadr",
          "keyTakeaway": "Laylat al-Qadr is better than 1,000 months of worship. It is most likely in the last ten nights, and most probable on the odd nights among them.",
          "duration": 3,
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/ramadan-fasting-essentials/module-05.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"Which night is Laylat al-Qadr most likely to fall on?\", \"options\": [\"The first night of Ramadan\", \"The 15th night of Ramadan\", \"The 27th night (most probable, but could be any odd night in the last ten)\", \"The night of Eid al-Fitr\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}, {\"question\": \"What does Allah say about Laylat al-Qadr in the Quran (97:3)?\", \"options\": [\"It is a night of celebration\", \"It is better than a thousand months\", \"It is equal to one year of worship\", \"It is the night the angels were created\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What dua did the Prophet ﷺ teach Aisha to say on Laylat al-Qadr?\", \"options\": [\"Allahumma innaka 'afuwwun, tuhibbul 'afwa, fa'fu 'anni\", \"Rabbana atina fid-dunya hasanah\", \"SubhanAllahi wa bihamdih\", \"La ilaha illallah, Muhammadur Rasulullah\"], \"correctIndex\": 0}, {\"question\": \"Which of the following is a sign of Laylat al-Qadr?\", \"options\": [\"Heavy rain and storms\", \"The sun rises the next morning weak and reddish without rays\", \"Eclipses occur\", \"The night is extremely dark\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}]",
          "content": "## 🎯 Key Concept\n\nLaylat al-Qadr (the Night of Decree) is the crown jewel of Ramadan. It is the night the Quran was first revealed. A single night of sincere worship on Laylat al-Qadr is greater than worshipping for 1,000 months — approximately 83 years of continuous prayer, fasting, and charity.\n\nAllah says: 'The Night of Decree is better than a thousand months. The angels and the Spirit descend therein by permission of their Lord for every matter. Peace it is until the emergence of dawn.' (Quran 97:3-5)\n\n## 📖 Details\n\n**When to seek it:**\n\nThe Prophet ﷺ would tighten his belt in the last ten nights of Ramadan — meaning he would intensify his worship, stay up all night, and avoid marital relations. He said, 'Seek Laylat al-Qadr in the odd nights of the last ten nights of Ramadan.' (Sahih al-Bukhari 2017)\n\n**The odd nights:** 21st, 23rd, 25th, 27th, and 29th.\n- The **27th night** is the most probable based on multiple narrations and scholarly consensus.\n- However, the Sunnah is to seek it in ALL the last ten nights to ensure you do not miss it.\n\n**What to do on Laylat al-Qadr:**\n\n1. **Pray Qiyam al-Layl (Tahajjud)** — at least 11 rak'ahs: 4 + 4 + 3 (Witr)\n2. **Recite Quran** — especially Surah al-Qadr and Surah al-Baqarah\n3. **Make dua** — the Prophet ﷺ taught Aisha to say: 'Allahumma innaka 'afuwwun, tuhibbul 'afwa, fa'fu 'anni' (O Allah, You are Pardoning and love to pardon, so pardon me.)\n4. **Give charity** — every deed is multiplied\n5. **Perform i'tikaf (spiritual retreat)** — the Prophet ﷺ did this in the last ten nights every year until his death\n\n**Signs of Laylat al-Qadr:**\n\n1. It is a peaceful, serene night\n2. The temperature is mild (not too hot, not too cold)\n3. The sun rises the next morning weak and reddish, without rays\n4. There are no shooting stars that night (the devils are barred from eavesdropping)\n\n**Common mistakes:**\n\n- Only seeking the 27th and ignoring the other nights\n- Spending the night in social gatherings rather than worship\n- Sleeping through the pre-dawn hours\n- Not preparing physically — napping in the day so you can worship at night\n\n## 🤔 Reflection\n\nImagine being offered a lottery ticket with 83 years of guaranteed reward. You would not sleep that night. Laylat al-Qadr is that ticket, but it requires your presence. Where will you be on the 27th night — scrolling reels, or prostrating before your Lord?\n\n## ⚡ Action Step\n\nBlock the last ten nights on your calendar NOW. Arrange work, childcare, and obligations so you can dedicate at least the odd nights to worship. Download a Quran app, prepare a dua list, and plan to give charity on each of those nights.\n\n---\n\n*Sources: Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Sunan al-Tirmidhi, Tafsir al-Tabari*",
          "id": "clx_mg_fix_004_mod_05"
        }
      ],
      "totalMinutes": 12,
      "id": "clx_mg_fix_004"
    },
    {
      "slug": "zakat-made-simple",
      "title": "Zakat Made Simple",
      "author": "Ustadh Yusuf ibn Abdullah",
      "description": "A practical, step-by-step guide to calculating, paying, and understanding Zakat — the third pillar of Islam. Covers nisab thresholds, zakatable assets, the 8 categories of recipients, and modern financial instruments.",
      "imageUrl": "/images/courses/zakat-made-simple.jpg",
      "difficulty": "intermediate",
      "giteaPath": "courses/zakat-made-simple",
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      "modules": [
        {
          "order": 1,
          "title": "What Is Zakat & Why It Matters",
          "slug": "what-is-zakat",
          "keyTakeaway": "Zakat is the third pillar of Islam. It purifies wealth, redistributes surplus, and builds empathy between rich and poor.",
          "duration": 3,
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/zakat-made-simple/module-01.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"What is the primary spiritual purpose of Zakat?\", \"options\": [\"To fund government projects\", \"To purify wealth and grow the soul through giving\", \"To reduce inflation\", \"To build mosques only\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"Zakat is the _____ pillar of Islam.\", \"options\": [\"First\", \"Second\", \"Third\", \"Fourth\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}, {\"question\": \"How many times is Zakat mentioned in the Quran?\", \"options\": [\"12 times\", \"37 times\", \"82 times\", \"Over 100 times\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}, {\"question\": \"What is the key difference between Zakat and Sadaqah?\", \"options\": [\"Zakat is mandatory with a fixed rate; Sadaqah is voluntary\", \"Zakat is for non-Muslims; Sadaqah is for Muslims\", \"Zakat is paid once; Sadaqah is paid daily\", \"There is no difference\"], \"correctIndex\": 0}]",
          "content": "## 🎯 Key Concept\n\nZakat is the **third pillar of Islam** after the Shahadah and Salah. It is not charity — it is a **mandatory tax on surplus wealth** that has been held for one lunar year. Every Muslim who owns wealth above a certain threshold (nisab) must pay 2.5% of that wealth annually.\n\nThe word Zakat comes from the Arabic root **z-k-a** meaning to grow, purify, and bless. Just as fire purifies gold by burning away impurities, Zakat purifies wealth by burning away greed. And just as pruning a tree causes it to grow stronger, giving Zakat causes your wealth to grow in barakah.\n\n## 📖 Details\n\n**The Quranic command:**\n\n> 'And establish prayer and give Zakat, and bow with those who bow.' (Quran 2:43)\n\nZakat is mentioned in the Quran **82 times** — almost always paired with Salah. This pairing shows that individual worship (Salah) and social responsibility (Zakat) are inseparable in Islam.\n\n**Why Zakat is mandatory, not optional:**\n\n1. **It is a pillar** — abandoning it without denial of its obligation is a major sin; denying its obligation entirely can affect one's Islam\n2. **It is a right of the poor** — the Quran calls Zakat 'a known right for the beggar and the deprived' (70:24-25)\n3. **It prevents hoarding** — wealth is a trust from Allah, not personal property to accumulate endlessly\n4. **It builds empathy** — the giver tastes the reality of dependence, and the receiver tastes dignity without humiliation\n\n**The psychological benefit:**\n\nModern research confirms what the Quran taught 1,400 years ago: giving increases happiness more than receiving. Zakat is not just economics — it is spiritual therapy. It cures the disease of materialism by forcing you to let go.\n\n**Zakat vs. Sadaqah:**\n\n| | Zakat | Sadaqah |\n|---|---|---|\n| Obligation | Mandatory | Voluntary |\n| Rate | Fixed (2.5% on most wealth) | Any amount |\n| Recipients | 8 specified categories | Anyone in need |\n| Minimum wealth | Nisab threshold required | No minimum |\n| Timing | Annual, once wealth matures | Any time |\n\n## 🤔 Reflection\n\nIf you own a smartphone, you likely possess enough wealth to owe Zakat. The question is not whether you can afford to give 2.5% — it is whether you can afford NOT to. The Prophet ﷺ warned that wealth not purified by Zakat will be heated in the Hellfire on the Day of Judgment and used to brand the hoarder. (Sahih Muslim 1015) What are you more attached to: your bank balance or your eternal safety?\n\n## ⚡ Action Step\n\nLog into your bank account right now and look at your savings. If you have held approximately $500 USD or more in cash/gold for one year, you may owe Zakat. Write the total down. We will calculate the exact amount in the next module.\n\n---\n\n*Sources: Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Quran 2:43, 9:60, 70:24-25*",
          "id": "clx_mg_fix_005_mod_01"
        },
        {
          "order": 2,
          "title": "Nisab Threshold & When Zakat Is Due",
          "slug": "nisab-and-timing",
          "keyTakeaway": "Nisab is approximately 85g of gold or 595g of silver. Once you reach nisab and hold it for one lunar year, Zakat becomes due.",
          "duration": 3,
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/zakat-made-simple/module-02.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"How long must you possess wealth above nisab before Zakat becomes obligatory?\", \"options\": [\"One Gregorian (solar) year\", \"One lunar (Hijri) year (354 days)\", \"Six months\", \"Immediately upon reaching nisab\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What is the silver nisab threshold according to the module?\", \"options\": [\"85 grams\", \"200 grams\", \"595 grams\", \"1000 grams\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}, {\"question\": \"Which nisab standard does the module recommend using and why?\", \"options\": [\"Gold nisab because it is more valuable\", \"Silver nisab because it includes more people in the obligation\", \"Both equally\", \"Neither — use a fixed dollar amount\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What counts as the 'haul' (year) for Zakat calculation?\", \"options\": [\"365 solar days\", \"354 lunar days from when nisab was first reached\", \"One calendar year from January 1st\", \"The period between two Ramadans\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}]",
          "content": "## 🎯 Key Concept\n\nNisab is the minimum threshold of wealth that makes Zakat obligatory. Think of it as the poverty line in reverse — it separates those who must give from those who are excused.\n\nThe Prophet ﷺ established nisab based on the value of precious metals because they were the most stable currencies of his time. Today, we convert those weights into modern currency.\n\n## 📖 Details\n\n**The two nisab standards:**\n\n| Metal | Weight | Modern Equivalent (approximate) |\n|---|---|---|\n| Gold | 85 grams | ~$7,500–$8,500 USD (varies with market) |\n| Silver | 595 grams | ~$500–$600 USD (varies with market) |\n\n**Which nisab to use?**\n\nScholars differ, but the majority of contemporary scholars recommend using the **silver nisab** because it includes more people in the obligation. The gold nisab is extremely high and would exempt most middle-class Muslims. The silver nisab aligns with the Prophet's intent that Zakat be broadly applicable.\n\n**The lunar year (haul):**\n\nOnce you possess nisab, you must track one full lunar year (354 days). Zakat becomes due on the anniversary of when you first reached nisab.\n\n**Example timeline:**\n\n- 1st Muharram 1447: You receive $10,000 and it stays in your account\n- 1st Muharram 1448: Zakat is due on the total zakatable wealth you hold on this date\n\n**What if wealth fluctuates during the year?**\n\n- If your wealth drops below nisab during the year and then rises again: the clock resets from the new date you reach nisab\n- If your wealth stays above nisab the entire year: Zakat is due on whatever you hold on the anniversary\n- If you receive new wealth during the year: add it to your total at the due date\n\n**Practical tip:**\n\nPick one date each year and make it your 'Zakat Day.' Many Muslims use the 1st of Ramadan or their birthday. The key is consistency. Write it in your calendar as a recurring event.\n\n**The moment of obligation:**\n\nZakat becomes due the moment the year completes, but you have grace to pay it. The Prophet ﷺ would send collectors immediately after Ramadan, suggesting the end of Ramadan as the natural settlement time. Delaying payment without excuse is discouraged.\n\n## 🤔 Reflection\n\nThe silver nisab (~$500) means most employed Muslims with any savings owe Zakat. Yet studies show that less than 25% of eligible Muslims worldwide pay it. Why? Usually because they do not know the threshold, or they avoid calculating because it makes the obligation real. Knowledge is responsibility — but it is also liberation.\n\n## ⚡ Action Step\n\nCalculate the current silver price per gram online. Multiply by 595g. Write your personal nisab number down. Then check your bank account: have you held more than this amount for a year? If yes, Zakat is due.\n\n---\n\n*Sources: Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Fiqh us-Sunnah (Sayyid Sabiq), contemporary fiqh councils*",
          "id": "clx_mg_fix_005_mod_02"
        },
        {
          "order": 3,
          "title": "What Wealth Is Zakatable",
          "slug": "zakatable-wealth",
          "keyTakeaway": "Cash, gold, silver, business inventory, and investments are zakatable. Personal items, your home, car, and furniture are not.",
          "duration": 3,
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/zakat-made-simple/module-03.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"Which of the following is NOT subject to Zakat?\", \"options\": [\"Cash savings held for one year\", \"Gold jewelry you wear regularly\", \"Your primary home that you live in\", \"Stocks and shares in companies\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}, {\"question\": \"What is the Zakat rate on most zakatable wealth?\", \"options\": [\"1%\", \"2.5%\", \"5%\", \"10%\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"How should cryptocurrency be treated for Zakat purposes?\", \"options\": [\"It is not zakatable\", \"Treated like cash if held as investment; market value at Zakat date\", \"Zakat is paid only on profits\", \"It is exempt because it is digital\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What deduction(s) are allowed when calculating Zakatable wealth?\", \"options\": [\"No deductions allowed\", \"Immediate debts and one month's living expenses\", \"All personal debts including long-term mortgages\", \"Only business expenses\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}]",
          "content": "## 🎯 Key Concept\n\nNot everything you own is zakatable. Allah does not tax your necessities — He taxes your surplus. Understanding what counts and what does not prevents you from overpaying or underpaying.\n\nThe general rule: Zakat applies to **wealth held for growth or savings** that exceeds your immediate needs and has been held for one lunar year.\n\n## 📖 Details\n\n**Zakatable assets:**\n\n1. **Cash and bank balances** — all currencies, checking and savings accounts\n2. **Gold and silver** — jewelry, coins, bars (even if worn, according to the stronger opinion)\n3. **Business inventory** — goods held for resale at their current market value\n4. **Investments and stocks** — the zakatable portion depends on the company's assets\n5. **Loans you expect to be repaid** — add to your total if recovery is likely\n6. **Retirement accounts** — the accessible portion (if you can withdraw without severe penalty)\n7. **Cryptocurrency** — treated like cash if held as investment; market value at Zakat date\n8. **Rental income** — the accumulated savings from rent if held above nisab\n\n**Non-zakatable assets:**\n\n1. **Your primary home** — the house you live in\n2. **Personal vehicle** — one car for transportation\n3. **Furniture and household items** — fridge, TV, bed, clothes\n4. **Tools of your trade** — laptop for a developer, scalpel for a surgeon\n5. **Debt you owe** — subtract personal debts that are due now or soon from your total\n6. **Living expenses buffer** — one month's essential expenses can be deducted\n\n**Modern gray areas:**\n\n- **Second home or investment property:** The property itself is not zakatable, but the rental income saved is. If the property is held for resale, its market value is zakatable.\n- **Stocks:** If the company holds mostly cash/receivables, treat like cash. If it holds productive assets, some scholars say only the liquid portion is zakatable. A safe approach: pay 2.5% on the current market value of your shares.\n- **Pension funds:** If you cannot access the money now, many scholars say it is not yet zakatable. If you can access it, include it.\n- **Crypto:** Include at market value on your Zakat date. It is treated as a liquid asset.\n\n**The calculation formula:**\n\n```\nZakatable Wealth = (Cash + Gold + Silver + Investments + Business Inventory + Recoverable Loans) - (Immediate Debts + One Month Expenses)\n\nIf Zakatable Wealth ≥ Nisab:\n   Zakat = Zakatable Wealth × 0.025\n```\n\n## 🤔 Reflection\n\nMany Muslims include their home and car in the calculation and feel overwhelmed. The Prophet ﷺ said, 'There is no Zakat on a man's slave or horse.' (Sahih Muslim 982) In modern terms: Allah does not tax your tools of living. Are you calculating out of fear (including everything) or out of precision (including only what the Shari'ah asks)?\n\n## ⚡ Action Step\n\nOpen a spreadsheet. List every zakatable asset you own. Then list your immediate debts. Subtract. Multiply the result by 0.025. That is your Zakat. If the total is above nisab, you owe it.\n\n---\n\n*Sources: Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Fiqh us-Sunnah, Zakat Foundation fiqh guidelines*",
          "id": "clx_mg_fix_005_mod_03"
        },
        {
          "order": 4,
          "title": "Calculating Your Zakat Step by Step",
          "slug": "calculating-zakat",
          "keyTakeaway": "Add all zakatable assets, subtract immediate debts and one month's expenses, check if the remainder reaches nisab, then pay 2.5%.",
          "duration": 3,
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/zakat-made-simple/module-04.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"If your zakatable wealth after deductions is $5,000 and nisab is $500, how much Zakat do you owe?\", \"options\": [\"$50 (1%)\", \"$125 (2.5%)\", \"$250 (5%)\", \"$500 (10%)\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What is the recommended Zakat date mentioned in the module?\", \"options\": [\"The 1st of Muharram\", \"The 1st of Ramadan or the anniversary of reaching nisab\", \"The last day of the Gregorian year\", \"Your birthday\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"When calculating joint account wealth, whose portion should you count?\", \"options\": [\"The entire account balance\", \"Only your portion\", \"Half regardless of contribution\", \"The full amount if you are the primary account holder\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"Is it permissible to pay Zakat in instalments?\", \"options\": [\"No, Zakat must be paid all at once\", \"Yes, if doing so prevents hardship, but the full amount must be intended\", \"Only if the amount exceeds $10,000\", \"No, because it invalidates the intention\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}]",
          "content": "## 🎯 Key Concept\n\nZakat calculation is simple arithmetic, but most Muslims avoid it because it forces them to confront their wealth honestly. This module is your calculator. Follow each step and you will know exactly what you owe.\n\n## 📖 Details\n\n**Step 1: Set your Zakat date**\n\nPick one day each year. This is the day you assess everything. Recommended: the 1st of Ramadan, or the anniversary of your first reaching nisab.\n\n**Step 2: List all zakatable assets (market value on your Zakat date)**\n\n| Asset | Example Amount |\n|---|---|\n| Cash in bank | $3,000 |\n| Cash in hand | $200 |\n| Gold jewelry (at market value) | $1,500 |\n| Silver | $100 |\n| Stocks/shares (current value) | $2,000 |\n| Business inventory for sale | $800 |\n| Money owed to you (likely to be repaid) | $500 |\n| Cryptocurrency (market value) | $300 |\n| **TOTAL ASSETS** | **$8,400** |\n\n**Step 3: List deductions**\n\n| Deduction | Example Amount |\n|---|---|\n| Personal debts due now | $1,000 |\n| One month's living expenses | $2,000 |\n| **TOTAL DEDUCTIONS** | **$3,000** |\n\n**Step 4: Calculate net zakatable wealth**\n\n$8,400 - $3,000 = **$5,400**\n\n**Step 5: Compare to nisab**\n\nIf your local silver nisab is $500: $5,400 > $500 → **Zakat is due.**\n\nIf your net wealth were $400: $400 < $500 → **No Zakat due.**\n\n**Step 6: Calculate Zakat amount**\n\n$5,400 × 0.025 (2.5%) = **$135**\n\nThat is your Zakat. It is approximately the cost of a nice dinner. For that amount, you fulfill a pillar of Islam and purify your entire year's wealth.\n\n**Special cases:**\n\n- **If you have multiple currencies:** Convert all to one currency at the exchange rate on your Zakat date.\n- **If your business inventory fluctuates:** Use the market value on your Zakat date, not what you paid.\n- **If you are in debt:** Only subtract debts that are due now or within the next year. Do not subtract your mortgage principal unless a lump sum is due immediately.\n- **If you have a joint account:** Count only your portion.\n\n**Paying in instalments:**\n\nWhile Zakat is due immediately upon completion of the year, scholars permit paying in instalments if doing so prevents hardship. However, the intention must be to pay the full amount, not to delay indefinitely.\n\n## 🤔 Reflection\n\nThe average Muslim who pays Zakat gives less than 1% of their actual wealth because they miscalculate. Some overpay and struggle. Some underpay and sin. Precision in Zakat is not stinginess — it is taqwa. The Prophet ﷺ was the most generous of people, yet he was precise in his obligations. Are you precise in yours?\n\n## ⚡ Action Step\n\nComplete the worksheet above with your real numbers. Do not estimate — check your bank apps, jewelry weight, and investment accounts. Write the final Zakat amount on a piece of paper and place it on your prayer mat. Pay it this week.\n\n---\n\n*Sources: Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Fiqh us-Sunnah, NZF (National Zakat Foundation) calculator methodology*",
          "id": "clx_mg_fix_005_mod_04"
        },
        {
          "order": 5,
          "title": "The 8 Categories of Zakat Recipients",
          "slug": "eight-categories-recipients",
          "keyTakeaway": "The Quran specifies exactly 8 categories who may receive Zakat. Paying outside these categories invalidates your Zakat unless a legitimate shar'i reason exists.",
          "duration": 3,
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/zakat-made-simple/module-05.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"Which of the following CANNOT receive Zakat?\", \"options\": [\"A poor person with no income\", \"A new Muslim with strained family relations\", \"A wealthy person who is your parent or child\", \"Someone in debt who cannot repay\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}, {\"question\": \"How many specific categories of Zakat recipients does the Quran specify?\", \"options\": [\"4\", \"6\", \"8\", \"10\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}, {\"question\": \"Which category of Zakat recipients includes those employed to collect and distribute Zakat?\", \"options\": [\"Al-Fuqara (the poor)\", \"Al-Amilina Alayha (those employed to collect it)\", \"Fi Sabilillah (in the cause of Allah)\", \"Ibn as-Sabil (the stranded traveler)\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"Can Zakat be given to non-Muslims?\", \"options\": [\"Yes, without restriction\", \"No, Zakat is for Muslims; give sadaqah to non-Muslims instead\", \"Yes, but only to non-Muslim relatives\", \"Only if they are poor\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}]",
          "content": "## 🎯 Key Concept\n\nThe Quran does not leave Zakat distribution to guesswork. It names **eight specific categories** of people who are eligible to receive Zakat. Giving to anyone outside these categories is an act of charity (sadaqah), not Zakat — and does not fulfill your pillar obligation.\n\nAllah says: 'Zakat expenditures are only for the poor and the needy, and for those employed to collect it, and for bringing hearts together, and for freeing captives, and for the indebted, and for the cause of Allah, and for the stranded traveler — an obligation imposed by Allah. And Allah is Knowing and Wise.' (Quran 9:60)\n\n## 📖 Details\n\n**The eight categories explained:**\n\n1. **Al-Fuqara (The Poor)**\n   - Those who own less than nisab and have no means of earning\n   - Priority: those with absolutely nothing\n\n2. **Al-Masakin (The Needy)**\n   - Those who own some wealth but it is insufficient for their basic needs\n   - Slightly better off than the poor, but still in genuine need\n\n3. **Al-Amilina Alayha (Those Employed to Collect It)**\n   - The administrators and distributors of Zakat funds\n   - They receive a wage from the Zakat pool for their work\n\n4. **Al-Muallafati Qulubuhum (Those Whose Hearts Are to Be Reconciled)**\n   - New Muslims or those near to Islam whose faith needs strengthening\n   - Also applies to community leaders whose goodwill benefits Muslims\n\n5. **Fir-Riqab (For Freeing Captives/Slaves)**\n   - Today, this includes freeing people from human trafficking, paying off debts that enslave people, or freeing prisoners of war\n\n6. **Al-Gharimin (The Indebted)**\n   - Those who borrowed for a legitimate need and cannot repay\n   - The debt must not be from sinful expenditure (gambling, luxury beyond means)\n\n7. **Fi Sabilillah (In the Cause of Allah)**\n   - Scholarship and religious education that serves the community\n   - Some scholars limit this to military defense; others expand to da'wah and education\n   - Controversial area — consult a scholar for your context\n\n8. **Ibn as-Sabil (The Stranded Traveler)**\n   - A traveler cut off from their resources in a foreign place\n   - Even if they are wealthy at home, if they lack access to funds now, they qualify\n\n**Who CANNOT receive Zakat:**\n\n- The wealthy (those above nisab)\n- Your parents, grandparents, children, and grandchildren\n- Your spouse (husband cannot give Zakat to wife; wife can to husband in Hanafi opinion)\n- Non-Muslims (Zakat is for Muslims; give them sadaqah instead)\n\n**Modern distribution channels:**\n\n- Local mosques with Zakat committees\n- Registered Islamic charities with transparent distribution\n- Direct giving to verified individuals in the 8 categories\n- Zakat apps that verify recipients\n\n**The intention at payment:**\n\nSay silently: 'I pay this Zakat for the sake of Allah, fulfilling my obligation, seeking purification and reward.' If you forget to make the intention, it still counts because the act itself carries the intention by default.\n\n## 🤔 Reflection\n\nMany Muslims give Zakat to their favorite charity without checking if the recipients are in the 8 categories. That is like paying your electricity bill to the water company — the money leaves your account, but the obligation remains. Do you know where your Zakat went last year? Do you know the names of the people it fed? The Sunnah is to give with awareness and follow-up.\n\n## ⚡ Action Step\n\nResearch three Zakat-distributing organizations in your country. Check their transparency reports. Verify they distribute according to the 8 categories. Choose one and schedule your Zakat payment with them before the end of this month.\n\n---\n\n*Sources: Quran 9:60, Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Fiqh us-Sunnah*",
          "id": "clx_mg_fix_005_mod_05"
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      "id": "clx_mg_fix_005"
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    {
      "slug": "hajj-umrah-guide",
      "title": "Hajj & Umrah Guide",
      "author": "Dr. Khalid Al-Farsi",
      "description": "A comprehensive, step-by-step guide to the rituals of Hajj and Umrah. Covers ihram, miqat, tawaf, sa'i, standing at Arafat, the days of Mina, and common mistakes pilgrims make.",
      "imageUrl": "/images/courses/hajj-umrah-guide.jpg",
      "difficulty": "advanced",
      "giteaPath": "courses/hajj-umrah-guide",
      "priceFlh": 500,
      "priceUsd": null,
      "subscriptionOnly": true,
      "published": true,
      "modules": [
        {
          "order": 1,
          "title": "The Obligation & Types of Pilgrimage",
          "slug": "obligation-types-pilgrimage",
          "keyTakeaway": "Hajj is obligatory once in a lifetime for those who are able. Umrah is recommended and can be performed any time of year.",
          "duration": 3,
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/hajj-umrah-guide/module-01.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"How many times is Hajj obligatory in a Muslim's lifetime?\", \"options\": [\"Every year if able\", \"Once, if the conditions of ability are met\", \"Twice, once in youth and once in old age\", \"Three times minimum\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"Which type of Hajj did the Prophet ﷺ perform and recommend for international pilgrims?\", \"options\": [\"Ifrad (Hajj only)\", \"Tamattu' (Umrah first, then Hajj with a break)\", \"Qiran (combined Umrah and Hajj)\", \"None of the above\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"Which of the following is NOT one of the five conditions that make Hajj obligatory?\", \"options\": [\"Islam\", \"Puberty and sanity\", \"Having performed Umrah first\", \"Financial ability\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}, {\"question\": \"What does the Prophet ﷺ say about the reward of an accepted Hajj?\", \"options\": [\"The pilgrim returns wealthy\", \"The pilgrim returns as the day his mother bore him (sinless)\", \"The pilgrim is guaranteed entry to Paradise without account\", \"The pilgrim's family is also forgiven\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}]",
          "content": "## 🎯 Key Concept\n\nHajj is the **fifth pillar of Islam** and the culmination of a Muslim's spiritual journey. It is obligatory **once in a lifetime** for every Muslim who meets five conditions. Umrah, the lesser pilgrimage, is a separate ritual that can be performed multiple times and at any time of year.\n\nAllah says: 'And Hajj to the House is a duty that mankind owes to Allah, for those who are able to undertake the journey.' (Quran 3:97)\n\n## 📖 Details\n\n**The five conditions that make Hajj obligatory:**\n\n1. **Islam** — only a Muslim's Hajj is accepted\n2. **Puberty and sanity** — must be accountable (mukallaf)\n3. **Physical ability** — able to walk, ride, or be carried without severe harm\n4. **Financial ability** — has sufficient wealth for travel, accommodation, and family support during absence\n5. **Safe passage** — the route must be secure; if there is war or grave danger, Hajj is deferred\n\n**The three types of Hajj:**\n\n| Type | Description | Best for |\n|---|---|---|\n| **Ifrad** | Hajj only, no Umrah | Residents of Makkah |\n| **Tamattu'** | Umrah first, then Hajj with a break in between | Those coming from outside Makkah |\n| **Qiran** | Combined Umrah and Hajj without a break | Those who can maintain ihram throughout |\n\nThe Prophet ﷺ performed Tamattu' and commanded his companions to do so. It is the recommended form for international pilgrims.\n\n**Umrah vs. Hajj:**\n\n| | Umrah | Hajj |\n|---|---|---|\n| Obligation | Recommended (sunnah mu'akkadah) | Obligatory (once) |\n| Timing | Any time of year | Specific dates: 8th-13th Dhul-Hijjah |\n| Duration | Few hours | 5-6 days minimum |\n| Rites | Ihram, Tawaf, Sa'i, Halq/Taqsir | Ihram, Arafat, Muzdalifah, Mina, Tawaf, Sa'i, Halq |\n| Ihram restrictions | Same as Hajj | Same as Umrah |\n\n**The spiritual significance:**\n\nHajj is not tourism. It is a journey of death and rebirth. The pilgrim leaves behind their clothes, their titles, their wealth, and their ego. They stand in simple white cloth before Allah as every human will stand on the Day of Judgment — stripped of everything except their deeds. The Prophet ﷺ said, 'Whoever performs Hajj and does not commit any obscenity or transgression, he returns as the day his mother bore him.' (Sahih al-Bukhari 1521)\n\n## 🤔 Reflection\n\nMany Muslims delay Hajj until old age, treating it like retirement. But the conditions require ability — and ability can be lost overnight through illness, debt, or global events. The Prophet ﷺ hastened to perform his only Hajj (Hajjat al-Wada') despite ruling a vast nation. If you meet the conditions now, what are you waiting for?\n\n## ⚡ Action Step\n\nIf you have not performed Hajj and meet the conditions, open your calendar and pick a target year. Open a dedicated savings account for Hajj and deposit a small amount monthly. The intention is the first step; preparation is the second.\n\n---\n\n*Sources: Quran 3:97, Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Sunan al-Nasa'i, Fiqh us-Sunnah*",
          "id": "clx_mg_fix_006_mod_01"
        },
        {
          "order": 2,
          "title": "Ihram & The Miqat Boundaries",
          "slug": "ihram-and-miqat",
          "keyTakeaway": "Ihram begins at the miqat with intention and talbiyah. Once in ihram, normal activities like cutting hair, using perfume, and marital relations are forbidden until the rites are complete.",
          "duration": 3,
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/hajj-umrah-guide/module-02.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"What happens if a pilgrim intentionally cuts a hair while in ihram?\", \"options\": [\"Nothing, it is a minor issue\", \"The Hajj is invalidated completely\", \"A penalty (dam) is required: sacrificing a sheep or fasting three days\", \"They must restart ihram from the miqat\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}, {\"question\": \"Which miqat should pilgrims from Southeast Asia and Pakistan enter ihram from?\", \"options\": [\"Dhu al-Hulayfah\", \"Qarn al-Manazil\", \"Yalamlam\", \"Dhat Irq\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}, {\"question\": \"What do pilgrims say to enter the state of ihram?\", \"options\": [\"Allahu Akbar\", \"The talbiyah (Labbayka Allahumma labbayk...)\", \"Bismillah\", \"SubhanAllah\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What happens if a man covers his head briefly while in ihram?\", \"options\": [\"The Hajj is invalid\", \"He must remove it immediately; no penalty if brief\", \"He must sacrifice an animal\", \"He must fast three days\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}]",
          "content": "## 🎯 Key Concept\n\nIhram is the sacred state a pilgrim enters before crossing the miqat boundary. It is not merely the white clothes — it is a state of the soul. From the moment you make intention and say the talbiyah, you are in a contract of consecration with Allah.\n\nThe Prophet ﷺ said, 'The pilgrims performing Hajj and Umrah are the guests of Allah. If they ask, He gives. If they call upon Him, He answers. If they seek forgiveness, He forgives.' (Sunan Ibn Majah 2891)\n\n## 📖 Details\n\n**The five miqat stations:**\n\n| Miqat | Location | For pilgrims from |\n|---|---|---|\n| **Dhu al-Hulayfah** | South of Madinah | Madinah and points north |\n| **Juhfah** | Near Rabigh | Syria, Egypt, North Africa, Europe |\n| **Qarn al-Manazil** | Near Taif | Najd, Riyadh, Gulf countries, Asia |\n| **Yalamlam** | South of Makkah | Yemen, India, Pakistan, Southeast Asia |\n| **Dhat Irq** | Northeast of Makkah | Iraq, Iran, Central Asia |\n\nIf you are flying to Jeddah, you enter ihram before the plane crosses the miqat. Most airlines announce this. If you miss it, you must go back to the nearest miqat or sacrifice a dam (penalty sheep).\n\n**How to enter ihram:**\n\n1. **Purify yourself** — ghusl (full bath) is recommended, wudu is sufficient\n2. **Wear ihram clothing** — men: two unstitched white cloths (rida' and izar); women: any modest clothing that covers properly, avoiding perfume\n3. **Make intention** — in your heart, specify whether Hajj or Umrah\n4. **Say the talbiyah** — 'Labbayka Allahumma labbayk, labbayka la sharika laka labbayk, innal-hamda wan-ni'mata laka wal-mulk, la sharika lak'\n\n**What is forbidden in ihram:**\n\n- Cutting or shaving hair\n- Clipping nails\n- Using perfume or scented soap\n- Wearing stitched clothing (for men)\n- Covering the head (for men) or face (for women)\n- Hunting or killing animals\n- Marital relations and anything leading to arousal\n- Arguing, fighting, or using foul language\n\n**Penalties for violations:**\n\nIf you violate intentionally:\n- **Cutting hair/shaving/nails:** Sacrifice a sheep (dam) or fast 3 days or feed 6 poor people\n- **Wearing perfume:** Wash it off, no further penalty\n- **Covering head (men):** Remove immediately, no penalty if brief\n- **Marital relations before the first tahallul (release):** Hajj is invalidated; must complete the rites and repeat Hajj the following year with a new sacrifice\n\n**The talbiyah:**\n\nSay it frequently from the miqat until the stoning of Jamarat on the 10th of Dhul-Hijjah (for Hajj) or until shaving (for Umrah). Women say it softly; men say it aloud.\n\n## 🤔 Reflection\n\nIhram clothing looks simple, but it is the great equalizer. A billionaire and a beggar stand side by side in identical white cloth. The only distinction is taqwa. Have you ever felt that level of equality? That is the reality of the grave and the Day of Judgment. Hajj is a rehearsal.\n\n## ⚡ Action Step\n\nIf you are planning Hajj or Umrah, buy your ihram clothes now and practice wearing them at home for one hour. Get used to the feel. Learn to fold the lower cloth so it does not fall. Preparation removes anxiety.\n\n---\n\n*Sources: Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Sunan Abi Dawud, Fiqh us-Sunnah*",
          "id": "clx_mg_fix_006_mod_02"
        },
        {
          "order": 3,
          "title": "Tawaf & Sa'i — The Core Rites",
          "slug": "tawaf-and-sai",
          "keyTakeaway": "Tawaf is circumambulating the Ka'bah seven times. Sa'i is walking between Safa and Marwah seven times. Both are pillars of Umrah and Hajj.",
          "duration": 3,
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/hajj-umrah-guide/module-03.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"How many circuits (ashwat) are required for a complete Tawaf?\", \"options\": [\"3\", \"5\", \"7\", \"10\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}, {\"question\": \"What is required to make Tawaf valid?\", \"options\": [\"Wearing perfume\", \"Being in a state of wudu (purity)\", \"Wearing new clothes\", \"Reciting specific surahs\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"During Sa'i, what do men do between the two green lights?\", \"options\": [\"Walk slowly\", \"Run\", \"Stand and pray\", \"Sit and make dua\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What should you say when reaching the Yemeni Corner during Tawaf?\", \"options\": [\"Raise hands and say Allahu Akbar; touch if possible\", \"Recite the entire Quran\", \"Prostrate\", \"Make a full stop and pray two rak'ahs\"], \"correctIndex\": 0}]",
          "content": "## 🎯 Key Concept\n\nTawaf and Sa'i are the two core rites shared by both Hajj and Umrah. They are the physical expression of surrender: circling the House of Allah as the angels circle the Throne, and walking in the footsteps of Hajar as she searched for water for her son Ismail.\n\nThe Prophet ﷺ said, 'The Tawaf around the House is like the prayer, except that you speak during it. So whoever speaks, let him only speak good.' (Sunan al-Tirmidhi 960)\n\n## 📖 Details\n\n**Tawaf — Circumambulation:**\n\n**Conditions for valid Tawaf:**\n1. Intention — in the heart\n2. Purity from major impurity — ghusl recommended, wudu obligatory\n3. Covering the awrah properly\n4. Seven complete circuits\n5. Starting from the Black Stone\n6. Keeping the Ka'bah on your left\n7. Performing it inside Masjid al-Haram\n\n**How to perform Tawaf:**\n\n1. Approach the Black Stone corner. If possible, kiss it or touch it. If not, raise your hand toward it and say: 'Bismillah, Allahu Akbar'\n2. Begin walking counter-clockwise (Ka'bah on your left)\n3. Men should perform idtiba' (uncovering the right shoulder) and ramal (brisk walking with short steps) only during the first three circuits of Tawaf al-Qudum (arrival Tawaf)\n4. In each circuit, when you reach the Yemeni Corner (Rukn al-Yamani), touch it if possible and say 'Allahu Akbar'\n5. Do not raise your hand toward it from afar — only touch or pass silently\n6. Between the Yemeni Corner and the Black Stone, say: 'Rabbana atina fid-dunya hasanatan wa fil-akhirati hasanatan wa qina 'adhaban-nar'\n7. Complete seven circuits. The eighth pass by the Black Stone ends the Tawaf\n\n**Du'a during Tawaf:**\n\nThere is no fixed du'a. Recite Quran, make personal supplications, and praise Allah. The Prophet ﷺ said, 'Tawaf around the House is a prayer.' So maintain focus and avoid idle talk.\n\n**Sa'i — Walking between Safa and Marwah:**\n\nAfter Tawaf, perform two rak'ahs behind Maqam Ibrahim if possible, then drink Zamzam, and proceed to Safa.\n\n1. Stand on Safa facing the Ka'bah. Say: 'La ilaha ill-Allah, Allahu Akbar' three times\n2. Make du'a — the Prophet ﷺ would praise Allah and ask for what he wished\n3. Walk toward Marwah. Men run between the two green lights (the area where Hajar ran)\n4. On reaching Marwah, repeat the same praise and du'a\n5. This is one complete round\n6. Repeat until you complete seven rounds (starting at Safa and ending at Marwah)\n\n**Important notes:**\n\n- Sa'i can be performed sitting if there is weakness, illness, or disability\n- Pushing a wheelchair for someone counts as valid Sa'i for the pusher\n- There is no specific du'a required between Safa and Marwah — personal supplication is preferred\n\n## 🤔 Reflection\n\nTawaf is the only ritual in Islam where you move while praying. It breaks the static posture of salah and teaches that worship is dynamic — you can be in a state of prayer while walking, traveling, or working. What if you carried that awareness beyond the Haram? What if your entire life became a Tawaf around the values of your faith?\n\n## ⚡ Action Step\n\nWatch a video of Tawaf and Sa'i before sleeping tonight. Familiarize yourself with the layout of Masjid al-Haram. Memorize the talbiyah and the du'a between the Yemeni Corner and the Black Stone. Visual familiarity reduces real-world anxiety by 60%.\n\n---\n\n*Sources: Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Sunan al-Tirmidhi, Fiqh us-Sunnah*",
          "id": "clx_mg_fix_006_mod_03"
        },
        {
          "order": 4,
          "title": "Standing at Arafat & The Days of Mina",
          "slug": "arafat-and-mina",
          "keyTakeaway": "Standing at Arafat on the 9th of Dhul-Hijjah is the essence of Hajj. Missing it invalidates the Hajj. The days of Mina follow, with stoning, sacrifice, and shaving.",
          "duration": 3,
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/hajj-umrah-guide/module-04.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"Which day of Hajj is known as Yaum al-Arafah (the Day of Arafat)?\", \"options\": [\"The 8th of Dhul-Hijjah (Yawm at-Tarwiyah)\", \"The 9th of Dhul-Hijjah\", \"The 10th of Dhul-Hijjah (Eid al-Adha)\", \"The 12th of Dhul-Hijjah\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What did the Prophet ﷺ say about the importance of standing at Arafat?\", \"options\": [\"It is recommended but optional\", \"Hajj is Arafat — without it there is no Hajj\", \"It is the easiest ritual\", \"It is only for imams\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What is the best du'a to make on the Day of Arafat according to the Prophet ﷺ?\", \"options\": [\"Rabbana atina fid-dunya hasanah\", \"La ilaha ill-Allah, wahdahu la sharika lahu...\", \"Allahumma innaka 'afuwwun\", \"Subhana Rabbiyal 'Adhim\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"How many pebbles are thrown at Jamarat al-Aqabah on the 10th of Dhul-Hijjah?\", \"options\": [\"Three\", \"Five\", \"Seven\", \"Ten\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}]",
          "content": "## 🎯 Key Concept\n\nThe Prophet ﷺ said, 'Hajj is Arafat.' (Sunan al-Nasa'i 3016). This means that standing at Arafat on the 9th of Dhul-Hijjah is the heart of Hajj. Without it, there is no Hajj. Everything before is preparation; everything after is completion.\n\nArafat is also the place where Adam and Hawwa' were reunited after being expelled from Paradise. It is the plain where humanity will be resurrected. Standing there in humility is a rehearsal for the Day of Judgment.\n\n## 📖 Details\n\n**The Hajj timeline:**\n\n| Day | Date | Key Ritual |\n|---|---|---|\n| Day 1 | 8th Dhul-Hijjah | Enter ihram, go to Mina, pray Dhuhr, Asr, Maghrib, Isha, Fajr |\n| Day 2 | 9th Dhul-Hijjah | Stand at Arafat from noon to sunset; then Muzdalifah |\n| Day 3 | 10th Dhul-Hijjah | Stoning Jamarat al-Aqabah; sacrifice (qurbani); shave; Tawaf al-Ifadah; Sa'i |\n| Days 4-5 | 11th-12th Dhul-Hijjah | Stoning the three Jamarat each day; depart Mina before Maghrib on 12th |\n| Optional | 13th Dhul-Hijjah | Additional stoning day for those who stayed\n\n**Standing at Arafat (Wuquf):**\n\n- **Timing:** From the time the sun passes its zenith (Dhuhr) until sunset (Maghrib)\n- **Location:** Anywhere within the boundaries of Arafat — the plain is vast\n- **What to do:** Combine Dhuhr and Asr prayers (two rak'ahs each), make du'a, read Quran, remember Allah, and weep in repentance\n- **What NOT to do:** Fast on this day if you are at Arafat (the Prophet ﷺ broke his fast)\n\n**The best du'a on Arafat:**\n\nThe Prophet ﷺ said, 'The best du'a is the du'a on the Day of Arafat. And the best thing I and the prophets before me said is: La ilaha ill-Allah, wahdahu la sharika lahu, lahu al-mulk, wa lahu al-hamd, wa huwa 'ala kulli shay'in qadir.' (Sunan al-Tirmidhi 3585)\n\n**Muzdalifah:**\n\nAfter sunset on Arafat, pilgrims proceed to Muzdalifah. They pray Maghrib and Isha combined (three rak'ahs + two rak'ahs), collect pebbles for the stoning, and spend the night under the open sky.\n\n**The stoning of Jamarat:**\n\n- **Jamarat al-Aqabah (the Big One):** Stoned on the 10th with **seven pebbles** while saying 'Allahu Akbar' each time\n- **The three Jamarat:** Stoned on the 11th and 12th (and 13th if staying) with seven pebbles each, starting with the smallest (al-Ula), then middle (al-Wusta), then largest (al-Aqabah)\n\n**The sacrifice (Qurbani/Udhiyah):**\n\nAfter stoning the big Jamarat on the 10th, pilgrims sacrifice an animal — sheep, goat, cow, or camel. This commemorates Ibrahim's willingness to sacrifice Ismail. The meat is distributed: one-third for the pilgrim, one-third for family, one-third for the poor.\n\n**Shaving or cutting hair (Halq/Taqsir):**\n\nMen shave their heads completely (recommended) or cut a lock. Women cut a fingertip's length from their hair. This is the first release (tahallul al-asghar) from ihram restrictions.\n\n## 🤔 Reflection\n\nArafat is the only day in the Islamic calendar when the sun does not set before the du'a of the pilgrims is accepted. Allah descends to the lowest heaven and says: 'Are there any who ask, that I may give? Are there any who seek forgiveness, that I may forgive?' (Sahih Muslim 758) What will you ask for? Health? Wealth? Or the thing that matters most: Allah's pleasure and Paradise?\n\n## ⚡ Action Step\n\nWrite a 'Arafat Du'a List' — 10 specific things you want to ask Allah for when you stand on the plain of Arafat. Include one du'a for the Ummah, one for your family, one for your own forgiveness, and one for the Hereafter. Keep this list in your travel documents.\n\n---\n\n*Sources: Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Sunan al-Nasa'i, Sunan al-Tirmidhi, Fiqh us-Sunnah*",
          "id": "clx_mg_fix_006_mod_04"
        },
        {
          "order": 5,
          "title": "Umrah Step-by-Step & Common Mistakes",
          "slug": "umrah-step-by-step",
          "keyTakeaway": "Umrah can be completed in a few hours: ihram at miqat, Tawaf, Sa'i, and shaving/cutting hair. Plan logistics and avoid common errors.",
          "duration": 3,
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/hajj-umrah-guide/module-05.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"What is the final act that releases a pilgrim from the state of ihram after Umrah?\", \"options\": [\"Completing Sa'i\", \"Shaving the head (halq) or cutting a lock (taqsir)\", \"Praying two rak'ahs behind Maqam Ibrahim\", \"Drinking Zamzam water\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"How many acts does Umrah consist of?\", \"options\": [\"Two\", \"Four\", \"Six\", \"Seven\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What should you do if you break wudu during Tawaf?\", \"options\": [\"Continue anyway since Tawaf is not prayer\", \"Leave, renew wudu, and resume from where you stopped\", \"Start Tawaf all over again\", \"Make wudu inside the mosque and continue from the same spot\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"How long is the Sa'i distance from Safa to Marwah, and how far do pilgrims walk total?\", \"options\": [\"100 meters; 700 meters total\", \"Approximately 450 meters; about 3.15 km for seven rounds\", \"1 km; 7 km total\", \"50 meters; 350 meters total\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}]",
          "content": "## 🎯 Key Concept\n\nUmrah is the 'minor pilgrimage' — shorter, simpler, and performable any time of year. It consists of only four acts: enter ihram at the miqat, perform Tawaf, perform Sa'i, and cut or shave the hair. The entire ritual can be completed in 2–4 hours.\n\nThe Prophet ﷺ said, 'Perform Umrah repeatedly, for it removes sins as the bellows remove impurities from iron.' (Sahih al-Bukhari 1773)\n\n## 📖 Details\n\n**Umrah step-by-step:**\n\n**Step 1: Ihram at the Miqat**\n- Purify yourself (ghusl recommended)\n- Wear ihram clothing\n- Make intention: 'Labbayk Allahumma bi-Umrah'\n- Say the talbiyah\n\n**Step 2: Arrive in Makkah and perform Tawaf**\n- Enter Masjid al-Haram with your right foot\n- Approach the Black Stone\n- Perform seven circuits of Tawaf\n- Pray two rak'ahs behind Maqam Ibrahim if possible\n- Drink Zamzam water\n\n**Step 3: Perform Sa'i**\n- Go to Safa (it is now inside the mosque extension, not outside)\n- Ascend Safa, face Qiblah, praise Allah, make du'a\n- Walk to Marwah — men run between the two green lights\n- Seven rounds total, ending at Marwah\n\n**Step 4: Halq or Taqsir (shaving or cutting hair)**\n- Men: shave the entire head or cut all hair short\n- Women: cut a fingertip-length (approximately 1–2 cm) from the end of their hair\n- This releases you from ihram completely\n\n**Common mistakes pilgrims make:**\n\n1. **Forgetting the intention** — Some enter Makkah without making intention for Umrah. Their Tawaf counts as a voluntary Tawaf, not Umrah. Always make the intention before or at the miqat.\n\n2. **Performing Tawaf without wudu** — If you break wudu during Tawaf, you must leave, renew wudu, and resume from where you stopped. The interrupted circuit still counts.\n\n3. **Counting the Black Stone as a circuit** — The circuit begins when you pass the Black Stone and ends when you return to it. Seven passes = seven circuits.\n\n4. **Men covering their heads in ihram** — Even briefly putting on a cap or using an umbrella touching the head requires a penalty. Be vigilant.\n\n5. **Using scented products** — Scented soap, shampoo, deodorant, and even scented tissues are forbidden in ihram. Buy unscented products before traveling.\n\n6. **Rushing Sa'i** — Sa'i is not a race. Walk with dignity and make du'a. The area between Safa and Marwah is approximately 450 meters. Seven rounds = about 3.15 km. Pace yourself.\n\n7. **Cutting hair before Sa'i** — The sequence matters: Tawaf → two rak'ahs → Sa'i → THEN cut hair. Cutting before Sa'i invalidates nothing but breaks the preferred order.\n\n**Practical tips for Umrah:**\n\n- Wear comfortable walking shoes with good grip (the marble floors are slippery)\n- Carry a small waist bag for your phone, money, and ID\n- Keep a copy of your passport and visa on your phone\n- Stay hydrated — the mosque has Zamzam stations everywhere\n- Be patient with crowds; push no one and harm no one\n\n## 🤔 Reflection\n\nUmrah is a gift. Unlike Hajj, which has fixed dates and high costs, Umrah is accessible to almost every Muslim at almost any time. Yet many never go. The Prophet ﷺ performed Umrah four times in his life. What if you made a habit of Umrah once every few years? What would it do to your heart to keep returning to the House of Allah?\n\n## ⚡ Action Step\n\nIf you have never performed Umrah, open your calendar and pick a 3-day window in the next 12 months. Research visa requirements for Saudi Arabia in your country. Create a savings fund labeled 'Umrah.' The intention is the seed; the plan is the water.\n\n---\n\n*Sources: Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Sunan al-Tirmidhi, Fiqh us-Sunnah, Hajj & Umrah guide by Ministry of Hajj, Saudi Arabia*",
          "id": "clx_mg_fix_006_mod_05"
        }
      ],
      "totalMinutes": 15,
      "id": "clx_mg_fix_006"
    },
    {
      "id": "mg_daily-adhkar",
      "slug": "daily-adhkar-and-duas",
      "title": "Daily Adhkar and Duas",
      "author": "Compiled for Falah Learning",
      "description": "Learn the daily remembrances (Adhkar) and supplications (Duas) taught by the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ for every moment of your day, from morning until night.",
      "imageUrl": "/images/courses/placeholder-course.jpg",
      "moduleCount": 5,
      "totalMinutes": 20,
      "difficulty": "beginner",
      "giteaPath": null,
      "priceFlh": null,
      "priceUsd": null,
      "subscriptionOnly": false,
      "published": true,
      "createdAt": "2026-06-28T08:00:00.000Z",
      "updatedAt": "2026-06-28T12:00:00.000Z",
      "modules": [
        {
          "id": "mg_daily-adhkar-mod-1",
          "courseId": "mg_daily-adhkar",
          "order": 1,
          "title": "Morning Adhkar: Starting the Day with Blessings",
          "slug": "morning-adhkar",
          "keyTakeaway": "Reciting the morning Adhkar brings Allah's protection, barakah, and peace throughout your day.",
          "duration": 4,
          "content": "# Morning Adhkar: Starting the Day with Blessings\n\nEvery morning is a fresh opportunity to begin your day in the remembrance of Allah. The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ taught specific supplications and remembrances for the early hours that shield a believer until the evening.\n\n## Why Morning Adhkar Matter\n\nThe morning is a time of renewed energy and intention. By beginning your day with the remembrance of Allah, you align your purpose, seek His protection, and invite barakah (blessings) into every task ahead. The Prophet ﷺ said: *\"Whoever says the morning supplications will be protected until the evening.\"*\n\n## Key Morning Remembrances\n\n1. **Ayat al-Kursi (Quran 2:255)** — Reciting this verse in the morning protects you until the evening and is one of the most powerful forms of protection.\n\n2. **Surah al-Ikhlas, al-Falaq, and an-Nas** (each 3 times) — These three surahs act as a shield from all forms of harm, evil eye, and whispers.\n\n3. **The Morning Dua:** *\"Allahumma bika asbahna, wa bika amsayna, wa bika nahya, wa bika namutu, wa ilaykan-nushur.\"* — \"O Allah, by You we have reached the morning, by You we have reached the evening, by You we live, by You we die, and to You is the resurrection.\"\n\n4. **\"SubhanAllahi wa bihamdih\"** (100 times) — The Prophet ﷺ said that whoever says this in the morning, their sins are forgiven even if they are like the foam of the sea.\n\n## Practical Tips\n\n- Recite the morning Adhkar between Fajr prayer and sunrise for maximum reward.\n- Use a printed list or a reliable app until the words become memorized.\n- Teach them to your family members so the whole household begins the day with remembrance.\n\n**Make the morning Adhkar a non-negotiable part of your daily routine, and watch how your day transforms with tranquility and divine protection.**",
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/daily-adhkar-and-duas/module-01.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"What is the best time to recite morning Adhkar?\", \"options\": [\"Between Fajr and sunrise\", \"After Zuhr prayer\", \"Before going to sleep\", \"After Maghrib\"], \"correctIndex\": 0}, {\"question\": \"How many times should Surah al-Ikhlas, al-Falaq, and an-Nas be recited in the morning?\", \"options\": [\"1 time each\", \"3 times each\", \"7 times each\", \"11 times each\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"Which Quranic verse recited in the morning provides protection until the evening?\", \"options\": [\"Surah Fatihah\", \"Ayat al-Kursi (2:255)\", \"Surah Yaseen\", \"The last two verses of Surah al-Baqarah\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What reward is promised for saying 'SubhanAllahi wa bihamdih' 100 times in the morning?\", \"options\": [\"Entry into Paradise\", \"Sins forgiven even if like the foam of the sea\", \"Wealth in this world\", \"Protection from earthquakes\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-28T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-28T12:00:00.000Z"
        },
        {
          "id": "mg_daily-adhkar-mod-2",
          "courseId": "mg_daily-adhkar",
          "order": 2,
          "title": "Evening Adhkar: Ending the Day in Remembrance",
          "slug": "evening-adhkar",
          "keyTakeaway": "Evening Adhkar provide spiritual closure to your day, shielding you through the night and ensuring you sleep under Allah's protection.",
          "duration": 4,
          "content": "# Evening Adhkar: Ending the Day in Remembrance\n\nAs the sun sets and the night approaches, the believer turns to Allah in gratitude for the day that has passed and seeks protection for the night ahead. The evening Adhkar are a beautiful way to close the chapter of your day.\n\n## The Significance of Evening Remembrance\n\nJust as the morning Adhkar begin your day with blessings, the evening Adhkar conclude it with gratitude and trust in Allah. The Prophet ﷺ would never miss these remembrances, teaching us to end every day in a state of faith and submission.\n\n## Key Evening Remembrances\n\n1. **Evening version of the morning dua:** *\"Allahumma bika amsayna, wa bika asbahna, wa bika nahya, wa bika namutu, wa ilaykal-masir.\"* — \"O Allah, by You we have reached the evening, by You we have reached the morning, by You we live, by You we die, and to You is the return.\"\n\n2. **\"A'udhu bi kalimatillahi at-tammati min sharri ma khalaq\"** (3 times) — \"I seek refuge in the perfect words of Allah from the evil of what He has created.\" This is especially powerful for protection during the night.\n\n3. **Surah al-Ikhlas, al-Falaq, and an-Nas** (each 3 times) — The same as the morning, providing continuous protection.\n\n4. **\"Radiytu billahi Rabban, wa bil-Islami dinan, wa bi Muhammadin nabiyyan\"** (3 times) — \"I am pleased with Allah as my Lord, with Islam as my religion, and with Muhammad as my Prophet.\"\n\n## A Moment of Reflection\n\nThe evening is also a time for self-accounting (muhasabah). Reflect on your day:\n- What good deeds did I accomplish?\n- Where did I fall short?\n- How can I improve tomorrow?\n\n## Practical Routine\n\n- Recite evening Adhkar between Asr and Maghrib, or immediately after Maghrib prayer.\n- Involve your family — make it a nightly habit to sit together and recite.\n- If you miss them, you can make them up later, but consistency is key.\n\n**End your day with the sweetness of dhikr, and let the peace of Allah's remembrance carry you into a restful sleep.**",
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/daily-adhkar-and-duas/module-02.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"What is the recommended time window to recite evening Adhkar?\", \"options\": [\"Between Fajr and sunrise\", \"Between Asr and Maghrib\", \"After midnight\", \"During Zuhr prayer\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"Complete the evening dua: 'Allahumma bika amsayna, wa bika asbahna, wa bika nahya, wa bika namutu, wa ilayka...'\", \"options\": [\"al-masir (the return)\", \"al-nushur (the resurrection)\", \"al-hisab (the reckoning)\", \"al-thawab (the reward)\"], \"correctIndex\": 0}, {\"question\": \"How many times is 'Radiytu billahi Rabban...' recited in the evening?\", \"options\": [\"1 time\", \"3 times\", \"7 times\", \"10 times\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What practice is recommended alongside evening Adhkar for spiritual growth?\", \"options\": [\"Reading news\", \"Self-accounting (muhasabah)\", \"Planning a shopping list\", \"Calling friends\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-28T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-28T12:00:00.000Z"
        },
        {
          "id": "mg_daily-adhkar-mod-3",
          "courseId": "mg_daily-adhkar",
          "order": 3,
          "title": "Before Eating and Sleeping: Barakah in the Basics",
          "slug": "before-eating-and-sleeping",
          "keyTakeaway": "Simple duas before eating and sleeping turn everyday actions into acts of worship and invite divine blessings.",
          "duration": 4,
          "content": "# Before Eating and Sleeping: Barakah in the Basics\n\nEating and sleeping are two of the most basic human needs. Islam elevates these mundane acts into worship by surrounding them with remembrance and intention. Learning the proper duas and etiquette transforms your entire lifestyle.\n\n## Duas Before Eating\n\nThe Prophet ﷺ taught us to always begin eating with the name of Allah:\n\n**\"Bismillah\"** — \"In the name of Allah.\"\n\nIf you forget to say Bismillah at the beginning, say:\n**\"Bismillahi awwalahu wa akhirah\"** — \"In the name of Allah, at its beginning and its end.\"\n\n### Eating Etiquette\n- Eat with your right hand (the Prophet ﷺ said the Shaytan eats with his left).\n- Do not criticize the food — if you like it, eat; if not, leave it politely.\n- Do not blow on hot food or drink.\n- Eat from what is nearest to you on the plate, not from the middle.\n\n## Duas Before Sleeping\n\nBefore sleeping, the Prophet ﷺ would:\n\n1. **Combine his hands and blow into them** reciting Surah al-Ikhlas, al-Falaq, and an-Nas, then wipe over his body — starting from the head, face, and front of the body — three times.\n\n2. **Recite Ayat al-Kursi** — whoever recites it before sleeping will be protected by Allah, and no Shaytan will approach them until morning.\n\n3. **Say:** *\"Bismika Allahumma amutu wa ahya\"* — \"In Your name, O Allah, I die and I live.\"\n\n4. **The last two verses of Surah al-Baqarah** (2:285-286) — Reciting them before sleep is sufficient protection.\n\n### Recommended Sleeping Position\n- Sleep on your right side, facing the Qibla if possible.\n- Avoid sleeping on your stomach — the Prophet ﷺ prohibited this.\n\n## A Lifestyle of Blessings\n\nBy incorporating these simple duas into your daily routine, you turn your most basic biological needs into acts of worship that earn you reward and invite barakah into your life.\n\n**Start with 'Bismillah' — the key that unlocks blessings in every action.**",
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/daily-adhkar-and-duas/module-03.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"What should you say if you forget to say Bismillah before eating?\", \"options\": [\"Say 'Alhamdulillah' after finishing\", \"Say 'Bismillahi awwalahu wa akhirah'\", \"Stop eating immediately\", \"Repeat the entire meal\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"Which hand should Muslims use for eating according to the Sunnah?\", \"options\": [\"Left hand\", \"Right hand\", \"Both hands\", \"Either hand\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"Reciting which verse before sleeping ensures protection from Shaytan until morning?\", \"options\": [\"Surah Fatihah\", \"Ayat al-Kursi (2:255)\", \"Surah al-Kawthar\", \"The opening of Surah al-Baqarah\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What is the recommended sleeping position according to the Sunnah?\", \"options\": [\"On the stomach\", \"On the right side\", \"On the left side\", \"On the back\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-28T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-28T12:00:00.000Z"
        },
        {
          "id": "mg_daily-adhkar-mod-4",
          "courseId": "mg_daily-adhkar",
          "order": 4,
          "title": "Entering and Leaving Home: Thresholds of Blessing",
          "slug": "entering-and-leaving-home",
          "keyTakeaway": "Reciting the duas for entering and leaving home invites Allah's protection and keeps Shaytan away from your household.",
          "duration": 4,
          "content": "# Entering and Leaving Home: Thresholds of Blessing\n\nThe doorway of your home is a significant threshold. Every time you leave and return, there is an opportunity to invoke Allah's name and secure His protection over yourself and your family. The Prophet ﷺ taught us specific supplications for these moments.\n\n## Dua When Leaving the Home\n\nBefore stepping out of your home, recite:\n\n**\"Bismillah, tawakkaltu 'alallah, wa la hawla wa la quwwata illa billah.\"**\n\n— \"In the name of Allah, I place my trust in Allah, and there is no power and no strength except with Allah.\"\n\nThe Prophet ﷺ said: *\"Whoever says this when leaving his home, it is said to him: You have been guided, sufficed, and protected. The devils distance themselves from him.\"* (Sunan al-Tirmidhi)\n\n### The Protection Promise\nWhen you recite this dua, three things happen:\n1. You are **guided** to the right path.\n2. You are **sufficed** — your needs are taken care of.\n3. You are **protected** from all harm.\n\nThe Shaytan responds by saying: \"How can I harm someone who has been guided, sufficed, and protected?\"\n\n## Dua When Entering the Home\n\nUpon returning home, recite:\n\n**\"Bismillahi walajna, wa bismillahi kharajna, wa 'ala Rabbina tawakkahna.\"**\n\n— \"In the name of Allah we enter, in the name of Allah we leave, and upon our Lord we rely.\"\n\nThen greet those inside with **Salam** (Assalamu Alaikum), even if no one is there — angels will return the greeting.\n\n### Additional Sunnah for Entering\n- Announce your arrival by making a gentle noise (clearing throat, footsteps) so family members are not startled.\n- Enter with your right foot first (a general sunnah for entering good places).\n- Greet your family warmly — the Prophet ﷺ was the most cheerful of people with his family.\n\n## A Home Filled with Blessings\n\nWhen you consistently recite these duas, your home becomes a fortress of faith. The angels feel welcome, Shaytan is kept at bay, and every member of the household experiences a greater sense of peace and security.\n\n**Make the threshold of your home a gateway of blessings, not just a door.**",
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/daily-adhkar-and-duas/module-04.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"Complete the dua for leaving home: 'Bismillah, tawakkaltu 'alallah, wa la hawla wa la quwwata illa...'\", \"options\": [\"billah (with Allah)\", \"birabbina (with our Lord)\", \"birrasul (with the Messenger)\", \"bil-malayikah (with the angels)\"], \"correctIndex\": 0}, {\"question\": \"What three things are promised to someone who recites the leaving-home dua?\", \"options\": [\"Wealth, health, and children\", \"Guidance, sufficiency, and protection\", \"Travel, adventure, and safety\", \"Food, shelter, and clothing\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What should you do when entering an empty home?\", \"options\": [\"Stay silent\", \"Greet with Salam anyway as angels respond\", \"Call someone on the phone\", \"Recite only silently\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"Which foot should you step with when entering a good place like your home?\", \"options\": [\"Left foot\", \"Right foot\", \"Backward first\", \"Both feet together\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-28T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-28T12:00:00.000Z"
        },
        {
          "id": "mg_daily-adhkar-mod-5",
          "courseId": "mg_daily-adhkar",
          "order": 5,
          "title": "Travel and New Beginnings: Duas for the Journey",
          "slug": "travel-and-new-beginnings",
          "keyTakeaway": "Travel supplications invoke Allah's protection for your journey and express gratitude for returning home safely.",
          "duration": 4,
          "content": "# Travel and New Beginnings: Duas for the Journey\n\nTravel in the ancient world was perilous — journeys were long, roads were dangerous, and the traveler faced countless unknowns. Islam provides the believer with a comprehensive set of supplications for every stage of travel, from departure to return.\n\n## Dua Before Starting a Journey\n\nWhen mounting your vehicle (or any mode of transport):\n\n**\"Bismillah. Alhamdulillah. Subhanalladhi sakhkhara lana hadha wa ma kunna lahu muqrinin. Wa inna ila Rabbina lamunqalibun.\"**\n\n— \"In the name of Allah. All praise is for Allah. Glory be to Him who has subjected this to us, for we could never have done it ourselves. And indeed, to our Lord we shall return.\" (Quran 43:13-14)\n\n### Dhikr for the Traveler\n- Recite Ayat al-Kursi for protection.\n- Say **\"Allahu Akbar\"** when ascending (going uphill).\n- Say **\"SubhanAllah\"** when descending (going downhill).\n\n## Traveler's Prayer for Protection\n\nThe Prophet ﷺ taught this comprehensive dua:\n\n**\"Allahumma inna nas'aluka fi safarina hadha al-birra wat-taqwa, wa minal-'amali ma tarda. Allahumma hawwin 'alayna safarana hadha watwi 'anna bu'dah. Allahumma Antas-sahibu fis-safar, wal-khalifatu fil-ahl. Allahumma inni a'udhu bika min wa'tha'is-safar, wa ka'abatil-manzar, wa su'il-munqalabi fil-mali wal-ahli wal-walad.\"**\n\n— \"O Allah, we ask You for righteousness and piety in this journey, and for deeds that please You. O Allah, make this journey easy for us and fold its distance for us. O Allah, You are the Companion on the journey and the Guardian over the family. O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the hardship of travel, from a distressing sight, and from an unfortunate return in wealth, family, and children.\"\n\n## Dua for Returning from Travel\n\nUpon returning, repeat the same duas and add:\n\n**\"Ayibuna, ta'ibuna, 'abiduna, li-Rabbina hamidun.\"**\n\n— \"We are returning, repenting, worshipping, and praising our Lord.\"\n\n\nThe Sunnah is to enter the home, go to the mosque first if near, pray two rak'ahs, and greet the family.\n\n## Duas for New Beginnings\n\nFor any new beginning — a new job, new home, new school, or new project — recite:\n\n**\"Rabbi adkhilni mudkhala sidqin wa akhrijni mukhraja sidqin, waj'al li min ladunka sultanan nasira.\"**\n\n— \"My Lord, cause me to enter a good entrance and to exit a good exit, and grant me from Yourself a supporting authority.\" (Quran 17:80)\n\n**Every journey begins with Bismillah — let every new chapter of your life begin with the name of Allah.**",
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/daily-adhkar-and-duas/module-05.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"What should you say when ascending (going uphill) during travel?\", \"options\": [\"SubhanAllah\", \"Allahu Akbar\", \"Alhamdulillah\", \"La ilaha illallah\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"Complete the travel dua from Quran: 'Subhanalladhi sakhkhara lana hadha wa ma kunna lahu...'\", \"options\": [\"shakirin (thankful)\", \"muqrinin (able to do it ourselves)\", \"sabirin (patient)\", \"muminin (believers)\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What is the recommended action upon returning from a journey?\", \"options\": [\"Sleep immediately\", \"Pray two rak'ahs in the mosque\", \"Go out again\", \"Fast for the day\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What does the traveler say upon returning: 'Ayibuna, ta'ibuna, 'abiduna, li-Rabbina...'\", \"options\": [\"shakirun (grateful)\", \"hamidun (praising)\", \"sajidun (prostrating)\", \"da'iyun (supplicating)\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-28T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-28T12:00:00.000Z"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "mg_99-names-1",
      "slug": "99-names-of-allah-part-1",
      "title": "99 Names of Allah (Part 1)",
      "author": "Compiled for Falah Learning",
      "description": "Begin your journey into the beautiful Names of Allah (Asma ul-Husna). Learn the meaning, significance, and how to live by 10 of the most profound divine names.",
      "imageUrl": "/images/courses/placeholder-course.jpg",
      "moduleCount": 5,
      "totalMinutes": 20,
      "difficulty": "beginner",
      "giteaPath": null,
      "priceFlh": null,
      "priceUsd": null,
      "subscriptionOnly": false,
      "published": true,
      "createdAt": "2026-06-28T08:00:00.000Z",
      "updatedAt": "2026-06-28T12:00:00.000Z",
      "modules": [
        {
          "id": "mg_99-names-1-mod-1",
          "courseId": "mg_99-names-1",
          "order": 1,
          "title": "Ar-Rahman and Ar-Rahim: The Most Gracious, The Most Merciful",
          "slug": "ar-rahman-ar-rahim",
          "keyTakeaway": "Ar-Rahman and Ar-Rahim describe Allah's infinite mercy that encompasses all creation, with Ar-Rahman being the universal mercy and Ar-Rahim being the special mercy for the believers.",
          "duration": 4,
          "content": "# Ar-Rahman and Ar-Rahim: The Most Gracious, The Most Merciful\n\nEvery chapter of the Quran (except Surah at-Tawbah) begins with *\"Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim\"* — In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. These two names are the most frequently invoked attributes of Allah, repeated by every Muslim dozens of times each day.\n\n## Ar-Rahman (الرَّحْمَٰن) — The Most Gracious\n\n**Meaning:** The One whose mercy encompasses everything in existence — believers and disbelievers, humans and animals, the righteous and the sinful.\n\nAr-Rahman is an intensive form that indicates an all-encompassing, universal mercy. This mercy extends to all creation:\n- The sun rises on the righteous and the wicked alike.\n- Rain falls on the gardens of the pious and the fields of the heedless.\n- Every creature is sustained by His provision, regardless of their faith.\n\n### Reflection\nAr-Rahman reminds us that Allah's mercy is not earned — it is given freely. The mere fact that you are alive, breathing, and reading these words is a manifestation of Ar-Rahman.\n\n## Ar-Rahim (الرَّحِيم) — The Most Merciful\n\n**Meaning:** The One who bestows His mercy specifically upon the believers — in this world through guidance and forgiveness, and in the Hereafter through Paradise and His vision.\n\nAr-Rahim indicates a continual, ever-flowing mercy that is directed toward those who strive to know and worship Him. While Ar-Rahman's mercy is for everyone, Ar-Rahim's mercy is for those who believe and do righteous deeds.\n\n### The Relationship Between the Two\n\n| Ar-Rahman | Ar-Rahim |\n|-----------|----------|\n| Universal mercy | Special mercy |\n| For all creation | For believers |\n| Sustenance and existence | Guidance and Paradise |\n| Mentioned alone in the Quran | Often paired with others |\n\n## How to Live by These Names\n\n1. Be merciful to others — the Prophet ﷺ said: *\"The merciful are shown mercy by Ar-Rahman. Be merciful to those on earth, and the One in the heavens will be merciful to you.\"*\n2. Never despair of Allah's mercy — even if your sins are as vast as the ocean, His mercy is greater.\n3. Start every action with *Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim* to invite His mercy into your deeds.\n\n**The entire message of Islam begins with mercy. Let mercy be the lens through which you see the world.**",
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/99-names-of-allah-part-1/module-01.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"Which of Allah's names represents universal mercy for all creation?\", \"options\": [\"Ar-Rahim\", \"Ar-Rahman\", \"Al-Malik\", \"Al-Quddus\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What is the key distinction between Ar-Rahman and Ar-Rahim?\", \"options\": [\"Ar-Rahman is masculine, Ar-Rahim is feminine\", \"Ar-Rahman is universal mercy, Ar-Rahim is special mercy for believers\", \"Ar-Rahman is only for this life, Ar-Rahim is only for the next\", \"They are synonyms with no difference\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"In which chapter of the Quran does 'Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim' NOT appear at the beginning?\", \"options\": [\"Surah al-Fatihah\", \"Surah at-Tawbah (Repentance)\", \"Surah Ya-Sin\", \"Surah al-Ikhlas\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What did the Prophet ﷺ say about those who show mercy to others?\", \"options\": [\"They will be given wealth\", \"They will be shown mercy by Ar-Rahman\", \"They will never face hardship\", \"They will be leaders of their communities\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-28T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-28T12:00:00.000Z"
        },
        {
          "id": "mg_99-names-1-mod-2",
          "courseId": "mg_99-names-1",
          "order": 2,
          "title": "Al-Malik and Al-Quddus: The King, The Most Holy",
          "slug": "al-malik-al-quddus",
          "keyTakeaway": "Al-Malik is the absolute Sovereign of all existence, and Al-Quddus is the Most Pure, free from every imperfection and deficiency.",
          "duration": 4,
          "content": "# Al-Malik and Al-Quddus: The King, The Most Holy\n\nThese two names appear together in the Quran: *\"Huwa Allahu alladhi la ilaha illa huwa, Al-Malik, Al-Quddus, As-Salam...\"* — \"He is Allah, other than whom there is no deity, the King, the Holy, the Source of Peace...\" (Quran 59:23)\n\n## Al-Malik (الْمَلِك) — The King, The Sovereign\n\n**Meaning:** The absolute Owner and Ruler of all creation. Everything in the heavens and the earth belongs to Him and is under His complete authority.\n\nAl-Malik signifies:\n- **Absolute ownership** — Allah owns everything. What we possess is merely a trust (amanah).\n- **Absolute authority** — His command prevails over all. No one can overrule His decree.\n- **Absolute kingship** — Unlike earthly kings, His kingdom has no boundaries, no end, and no rival.\n\nOn the Day of Judgment, Allah will ask: *\"Whose is the kingdom today?\"* and the answer will be: *\"It is Allah's, the One, the Irresistible!\"* (Quran 40:16)\n\n### Reflection\nWhen you internalize Al-Malik, you realize that true power belongs only to Allah. No human ruler, no boss, no authority can ultimately harm or benefit you without His permission. This brings humility before Allah and courage before His creation.\n\n## Al-Quddus (الْقُدُّوس) — The Most Holy, The All-Pure\n\n**Meaning:** The One who is completely free from every imperfection, deficiency, weakness, or flaw. He is pure in His essence, His attributes, and His actions.\n\nAl-Quddus comes from the root *Q-D-S*, meaning purity and sanctity. It implies:\n- **Transcendence** — Allah is far above any human-like qualities or limitations.\n- **Perfection** — His knowledge is complete, His power is absolute, His justice is flawless.\n- **Purity** — He is free from injustice, forgetfulness, need, or any form of imperfection.\n\n### How to Live by These Names\n\n1. **Recognize Allah's sovereignty** — when you feel powerless, remember that Al-Malik is in control of everything.\n2. **Purify your heart** — since Allah is Al-Quddus (Pure), He loves purity. Seek purification of your heart from jealousy, arrogance, and hypocrisy.\n3. **Submit to His authority** — obey His commands willingly, knowing that His rule is perfect and just.\n\n**The King does not need your worship, but your soul needs to acknowledge His sovereignty to find true freedom.**",
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/99-names-of-allah-part-1/module-02.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"What does Al-Malik mean?\", \"options\": [\"The Creator\", \"The King, The Sovereign\", \"The Most Holy\", \"The All-Seeing\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"Which name of Allah means 'The Most Holy, free from all imperfection'?\", \"options\": [\"Al-Malik\", \"Al-Quddus\", \"Ar-Rahman\", \"Al-Aziz\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"Where in the Quran do Al-Malik and Al-Quddus appear together?\", \"options\": [\"Surah al-Fatihah\", \"Surah al-Hashr (59:23)\", \"Surah al-Ikhlas\", \"Ayat al-Kursi\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What question will Allah ask on the Day of Judgment that demonstrates Al-Malik?\", \"options\": [\"What did you do in the world?\", \"Whose is the kingdom today?\", \"Who believed in the messengers?\", \"Who followed the Quran?\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-28T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-28T12:00:00.000Z"
        },
        {
          "id": "mg_99-names-1-mod-3",
          "courseId": "mg_99-names-1",
          "order": 3,
          "title": "As-Salam and Al-Mumin: The Source of Peace, The Guardian of Faith",
          "slug": "as-salam-al-mumin",
          "keyTakeaway": "As-Salam is the source of all peace and safety, while Al-Mumin is the granter of security and the guardian of faith who confirms the truth of His promises.",
          "duration": 4,
          "content": "# As-Salam and Al-Mumin: The Source of Peace, The Guardian of Faith\n\nThese two names follow Al-Malik and Al-Quddus in Surah al-Hashr (59:23): *\"As-Salam, Al-Mumin.\"* Together they describe Allah as the ultimate source of peace, safety, and faith.\n\n## As-Salam (السَّلَام) — The Source of Peace\n\n**Meaning:** The One who is free from all defects and imperfections (reaffirming Al-Quddus), and the One who grants peace, safety, and tranquility to His creation.\n\nAs-Salam has three dimensions:\n1. **Allah is Peace** — He is inherently free from every flaw, deficiency, and harm.\n2. **Allah gives Peace** — He is the source of all peace in the universe. When you feel inner calm, it comes from Him.\n3. **Allah calls to Peace** — Islam is the path of peace, and Paradise is the \"Home of Peace\" (Dar as-Salam).\n\n### The Greeting of Peace\nWhen Muslims say *\"Assalamu Alaikum\"* (Peace be upon you), they are invoking the name As-Salam. This greeting is a prayer asking Allah to bless others with safety, security, and well-being.\n\nThe Prophet ﷺ said: *\"You will not enter Paradise until you believe, and you will not believe until you love one another. Shall I tell you something that if you do it, you will love one another? Spread the greeting of Salam among you.\"*\n\n## Al-Mumin (الْمُؤْمِن) — The Guardian of Faith\n\n**Meaning:** The One who confirms the truth of His promises, grants security to His creation, and is the source of faith (iman) in the hearts of believers.\n\nAl-Mumin means:\n- **The Granter of Security** — He protects His servants from fear and harm.\n- **The Confirmer of Truth** — He confirms the truth of His messengers and scriptures.\n- **The Bestower of Faith** — He places iman in the hearts of believers.\n\n### Living with As-Salam and Al-Mumin\n\n1. **Be a source of peace for others** — just as As-Salam is the source of peace, be someone who brings calm, not chaos. Avoid harming others with your words or actions.\n2. **Spread Salam generously** — greet everyone you know and don't know. It removes hostility and builds love.\n3. **Trust in Al-Mumin** — when fears arise, remember that Allah is the Granter of security. No one can harm you except by His will.\n4. **Strengthen your iman** — since He is the One who bestows faith, constantly ask Him to increase your certainty.\n\n**True peace is found only in knowing As-Salam. The world offers temporary calm, but He offers lasting tranquility for the heart.**",
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/99-names-of-allah-part-1/module-03.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"What does As-Salam mean?\", \"options\": [\"The All-Knowing\", \"The Source of Peace\", \"The Strong\", \"The Provider\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What is the Islamic greeting that invokes the name As-Salam?\", \"options\": [\"Alhamdulillah\", \"Assalamu Alaikum\", \"Allahu Akbar\", \"SubhanAllah\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What does Al-Mumin mean in addition to 'The Guardian of Faith'?\", \"options\": [\"The Avenger\", \"The Granter of Security\", \"The Bestower of Wealth\", \"The Forgiver\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"According to the Prophet ﷺ, what does spreading Salam do among people?\", \"options\": [\"Increases material wealth\", \"Creates love between people\", \"Makes one famous\", \"Guarantees Paradise immediately\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-28T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-28T12:00:00.000Z"
        },
        {
          "id": "mg_99-names-1-mod-4",
          "courseId": "mg_99-names-1",
          "order": 4,
          "title": "Al-Aziz and Al-Jabbar: The Almighty, The Compeller",
          "slug": "al-aziz-al-jabbar",
          "keyTakeaway": "Al-Aziz is the Almighty who prevails over all, and Al-Jabbar is the Compeller who restores justice and mends the broken.",
          "duration": 4,
          "content": "# Al-Aziz and Al-Jabbar: The Almighty, The Compeller\n\nContinuing the verse from Surah al-Hashr (59:23): *\"Al-Aziz, Al-Jabbar, Al-Mutakabbir.\"* These names speak of Allah's supreme power and authority, which are always exercised with perfect justice and wisdom.\n\n## Al-Aziz (الْعَزِيز) — The Almighty, The All-Powerful\n\n**Meaning:** The One who is mighty, powerful, and invincible. No one can overcome or defeat Him. He is the One who prevails over all things.\n\nAl-Aziz comes from *izzah* (might, honor, power). It has three aspects:\n1. **Unconquerable Power** — His power is absolute. No force in the universe can resist His will.\n2. **Invincible Honor** — True honor and dignity belong to Him alone. All honor in creation is a reflection of His izzah.\n3. **Irresistible Authority** — What He wills happens; what He does not will, never happens.\n\n### A Powerful Dua\nIn the Quran, believers say: *\"Wa billahi 'azatina\"* — \"By Allah, we are more powerful (more honored)\" — not by their own strength, but by their connection to Al-Aziz.\n\n## Al-Jabbar (الْجَبَّار) — The Compeller, The Restorer\n\n**Meaning:** The One who compels His creation according to His will, who restores what is broken, and who exalts the humble.\n\nAl-Jabbar comes from *jabr* (compulsion, or setting a broken bone). This name has a beautiful dual meaning:\n1. **The Compeller** — His will is supreme. He brings about His decree regardless of opposition.\n2. **The Restorer** — Like a doctor setting a broken bone (jabr), He mends broken hearts, restores the weak, and uplifts the downtrodden.\n\nIbn al-Qayyim said: \"Al-Jabbar is the One who mends the brokenness of every broken thing. He is the One who, when His servant is broken, restores him and heals him.\"\n\n### How to Live by These Names\n\n1. **Seek honor through Allah** — don't chase status from people. True izzah comes from being close to Al-Aziz.\n2. **Be gentle with the broken** — just as Al-Jabbar mends the broken-hearted, be a source of healing for others who are hurting.\n3. **Humble yourself before Al-Jabbar** — no matter how powerful you become, remember that true power belongs only to Him.\n\n**Al-Aziz reminds you that no problem is too big for Allah to solve. Al-Jabbar assures you that no heart is too broken for Allah to heal.**",
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/99-names-of-allah-part-1/module-04.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"What does Al-Aziz mean?\", \"options\": [\"The All-Knowing\", \"The Almighty, The All-Powerful\", \"The Most Holy\", \"The Creator\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What is the dual meaning of Al-Jabbar?\", \"options\": [\"The Wrathful and the Forgiving\", \"The Compeller and the Restorer (Mender of the broken)\", \"The Rich and the Provider\", \"The Exalter and the Humiliator\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What does the root word 'jabr' (as in Al-Jabbar) refer to?\", \"options\": [\"Farming\", \"Setting a broken bone\", \"Building\", \"Writing\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"True honor (izzah) ultimately belongs to whom?\", \"options\": [\"Those with wealth\", \"Those with power\", \"Those with followers\", \"Al-Aziz (Allah)\"], \"correctIndex\": 3}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-28T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-28T12:00:00.000Z"
        },
        {
          "id": "mg_99-names-1-mod-5",
          "courseId": "mg_99-names-1",
          "order": 5,
          "title": "Al-Khaliq and Al-Bari: The Creator, The Maker",
          "slug": "al-khaliq-al-bari",
          "keyTakeaway": "Al-Khaliq is the Creator who designs all things, and Al-Bari is the Maker who brings them into perfect existence with precision and harmony.",
          "duration": 4,
          "content": "# Al-Khaliq and Al-Bari: The Creator, The Maker\n\nAllah says in the Quran: *\"Huwa Allahu al-Khaliq, al-Bari', al-Musawwir\"* — \"He is Allah, the Creator, the Maker, the Fashioner.\" (Quran 59:24) These three names conclude the magnificent passage of His attributes, describing how Allah brings creation from nothingness to perfect reality.\n\n## Al-Khaliq (الْخَالِق) — The Creator\n\n**Meaning:** The One who creates everything out of nothing. He brings into existence what did not exist before, according to His knowledge and will.\n\nAl-Khaliq implies:\n- **Creation ex nihilo** — Allah creates from nothing. No raw materials, no blueprints, no prior models.\n- **Continuous creation** — He is not just the Creator of the initial universe; He continuously creates every moment — every sunrise, every heartbeat, every leaf that falls.\n- **The only Creator** — When humans \"create,\" they merely rearrange what already exists. Allah alone creates from absolute nothingness.\n\n## Al-Bari (الْبَارِئ) — The Maker, The Developer\n\n**Meaning:** The One who takes what He has created (Al-Khaliq) and brings it into its perfect, unique, and complete form. He fashions each creation with precision and purpose.\n\nWhile Al-Khaliq refers to the act of creation itself, Al-Bari refers to:\n- **Perfect execution** — bringing the creation to its final, harmonious state.\n- **Unique differentiation** — every snowflake, every fingerprint, every soul is uniquely made.\n- **Flawless design** — the universe operates with mathematical precision that scientists continue to discover.\n\n### Evidence of Al-Bari in Creation\n\nConsider the human body:\n- The eye has over 2 million working parts.\n- DNA contains 3 billion base pairs — a complete instruction manual for your entire body.\n- The heart beats 100,000 times per day without you thinking about it.\n\nWho but Al-Khaliq, Al-Bari could design such perfection?\n\n## How to Live by These Names\n\n1. **Reflect on creation** — the Quran repeatedly calls us to ponder the creation of the heavens and the earth. Nature is a book of signs pointing to the Creator.\n2. **Be creative in good ways** — since we are made in the image of Al-Khaliq's attributes (not His essence), we are called to be creative, constructive, and innovative for the benefit of humanity.\n3. **Appreciate your own creation** — you are not a random accident. Al-Khaliq designed you with purpose, and Al-Bari perfected your form.\n\n**You are not a mistake. You are a deliberate creation of Al-Khaliq, perfectly fashioned by Al-Bari, with a unique purpose only you can fulfill.**",
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/99-names-of-allah-part-1/module-05.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"What is the key distinction between Al-Khaliq and Al-Bari?\", \"options\": [\"One creates from nothing, the other brings it to perfect form\", \"One is for humans, the other for animals\", \"One is temporary, the other permanent\", \"They are synonyms with no distinction\"], \"correctIndex\": 0}, {\"question\": \"Which name completes the trio: Al-Khaliq, Al-Bari, and...\", \"options\": [\"Al-Razzaq (The Provider)\", \"Al-Musawwir (The Fashioner)\", \"Al-Hafiz (The Preserver)\", \"Al-Wahhab (The Bestower)\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"How does human 'creation' differ from Allah's creation (Al-Khaliq)?\", \"options\": [\"Humans create from nothing like Allah\", \"Humans rearrange existing materials; Allah creates from nothing\", \"Humans create better quality\", \"Allah creates in heaven, humans on earth\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What does the Quran encourage believers to do in relation to Al-Khaliq?\", \"options\": [\"Worship only\", \"Ponder and reflect on creation\", \"Build monuments\", \"Argue about creation\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-28T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-28T12:00:00.000Z"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "mg_islamic-manners",
      "slug": "islamic-manners-adab",
      "title": "Islamic Manners (Adab)",
      "author": "Compiled for Falah Learning",
      "description": "Learn the beautiful manners (Adab) taught by the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ — from greeting others with Salam to honoring parents, eating, speaking, and behaving in the mosque.",
      "imageUrl": "/images/courses/placeholder-course.jpg",
      "moduleCount": 5,
      "totalMinutes": 20,
      "difficulty": "beginner",
      "giteaPath": null,
      "priceFlh": null,
      "priceUsd": null,
      "subscriptionOnly": false,
      "published": true,
      "createdAt": "2026-06-28T08:00:00.000Z",
      "updatedAt": "2026-06-28T12:00:00.000Z",
      "modules": [
        {
          "id": "mg_islamic-manners-mod-1",
          "courseId": "mg_islamic-manners",
          "order": 1,
          "title": "The Greeting of Salam: Spreading Peace",
          "slug": "greeting-with-salam",
          "keyTakeaway": "Saying Assalamu Alaikum is a powerful Sunnah that generates love, removes hostility, and earns immense reward.",
          "duration": 4,
          "content": "# The Greeting of Salam: Spreading Peace\n\nThe greeting of Salam is the hallmark of Islamic etiquette. It is more than just a cultural custom — it is an act of worship, a prayer, and a means of building brotherhood. The Prophet ﷺ made spreading Salam a central part of faith.\n\n## The Meaning of Salam\n\n*\"Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuh\"* — \"Peace be upon you, and the mercy of Allah, and His blessings.\"\n\nThis greeting contains three profound blessings:\n1. **Peace (Salam)** — freedom from harm, evil, and discord.\n2. **Mercy (Rahmah)** — divine compassion and kindness.\n3. **Blessings (Barakah)** — spiritual and material increase from Allah.\n\n## The Complete Sunnah of Greeting\n\n1. **The greeter begins** — the one who arrives or passes by initiates the Salam.\n2. **The full version is better** — say the complete phrase for more reward: *\"Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuh.\"*\n3. **The reply must be at least equal** — *\"Wa Alaikum Assalam wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuh.\"*\n4. **A smile accompanies the Salam** — the Prophet ﷺ never met anyone without smiling.\n\n## Rulings on Salam\n\n| Situation | Ruling |\n|-----------|--------|\n| Greeting a Muslim | Sunnah (rewarded) |\n| Responding to Salam | Fard (obligatory) |\n| Greeting a group | One reply suffices for all |\n| Greeting when entering home | Highly recommended even if empty |\n| Greeting children | Sunnah — teaches them adab |\n\n## The Virtue of Spreading Salam\n\nThe Prophet ﷺ said: *\"By the One in whose hand is my soul, you will not enter Paradise until you believe, and you will not believe until you love one another. Shall I tell you something that if you do, you will love one another? Spread Salam among you.\"* (Muslim)\n\n### Etiquette of Giving Salam\n\n- **Greet those you know and those you don't** — this removes arrogance and builds community.\n- **The one riding greets the one walking** — the younger greets the elder, the smaller group greets the larger.\n- **Don't wait to be greeted first** — be proactive in spreading peace.\n\n## Practical Application\n\nStart today: make it a habit to say Salam to everyone you meet — your family when you enter the house, your colleagues at work, strangers at the store. Watch how this simple word transforms your relationships.\n\n**Salam is not just a word — it is a prayer, a bond, and a path to Paradise.**",
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/islamic-manners-adab/module-01.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"What is the full meaning of 'Assalamu Alaikum'?\", \"options\": [\"Hello, how are you?\", \"Peace be upon you\", \"God is great\", \"In the name of Allah\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What is the ruling on responding to Salam?\", \"options\": [\"Sunnah (recommended)\", \"Fard (obligatory)\", \"Mubah (permissible)\", \"Makruh (disliked)\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"According to the Prophet ﷺ, what does spreading Salam do?\", \"options\": [\"Makes you wealthy\", \"Creates love between people\", \"Protects from sickness\", \"Guarantees children\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"Who should initiate the Salam according to Sunnah etiquette?\", \"options\": [\"The younger person\", \"The person who arrives or passes by\", \"The person sitting down\", \"The wealthier person\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-28T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-28T12:00:00.000Z"
        },
        {
          "id": "mg_islamic-manners-mod-2",
          "courseId": "mg_islamic-manners",
          "order": 2,
          "title": "Manners of Eating: Sunnah at the Table",
          "slug": "manners-of-eating",
          "keyTakeaway": "Eating according to the Sunnah transforms a physical need into worship through Bismillah, using the right hand, moderation, and gratitude.",
          "duration": 4,
          "content": "# Manners of Eating: Sunnah at the Table\n\nThe Prophet ﷺ taught us that even the way we eat can be an act of worship. Islamic eating etiquette (Adab al-Akl) encompasses hygiene, gratitude, moderation, and social courtesy.\n\n## Before Eating\n\n1. **Say Bismillah** — Begin with the name of Allah. If you forget, say *\"Bismillahi awwalahu wa akhirah.\"*\n2. **Wash your hands** — a simple Sunnah that also promotes hygiene.\n3. **Sit properly** — the Prophet ﷺ would sit kneeling on both knees or sitting on his left foot with the right foot upright. He never ate while reclining.\n4. **Eat from what is near you** — don't reach across the plate.\n\n## During Eating\n\n1. **Eat with your right hand** — the Prophet ﷺ said: *\"O boy, say Bismillah, eat with your right hand, and eat from what is nearest to you.\"*\n2. **Take small bites** and chew thoroughly.\n3. **Do not blow on hot food** — wait for it to cool naturally.\n4. **Do not criticize the food** — if you like it, eat; if not, leave it silently. The Prophet ﷺ never complained about food.\n5. **Eat moderately** — the Prophet ﷺ said: *\"The son of Adam fills no vessel worse than his stomach. It is sufficient for him to have a few bites to keep his back straight. If he must eat more, then one-third for his food, one-third for his drink, and one-third for his breath.\"*\n\n## After Eating\n\n1. **Say Alhamdulillah** — praise Allah for the provision.\n2. **Make the complete dua:** *\"Alhamdulillahilladhi at'amana wa saqana wa ja'alana minal-muslimin.\"* — \"All praise is for Allah who fed us, gave us drink, and made us among the Muslims.\"\n3. **Lick your fingers** (or use a napkin) — the barakah is in what remains on the fingers.\n4. **Wash your hands** after the meal.\n\n## Eating Together\n\n- Eat as a group rather than alone — the Prophet ﷺ said food eaten together is more blessed.\n- Don't take from the center of the dish — the center is where the blessing descends.\n- Serve others before yourself.\n\n## Practical Tips\n\n- Keep a printed dua card near your dining area until you memorize the supplications.\n- Teach children these manners early — they will carry them for life.\n- Host meals with the intention of sharing blessings, not showing off.\n\n**Every meal is an invitation to remember Allah. Start with Bismillah, end with Alhamdulillah, and enjoy the barakah in between.**",
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/islamic-manners-adab/module-02.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"What should you say before beginning to eat?\", \"options\": [\"Alhamdulillah\", \"Bismillah\", \"Allahu Akbar\", \"SubhanAllah\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What did the Prophet ﷺ say about filling one's stomach?\", \"options\": [\"Fill it completely\", \"One-third food, one-third drink, one-third breath\", \"Only eat fruits\", \"Eat only at night\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What should you do if you don't like the food being served?\", \"options\": [\"Complain loudly\", \"Leave it silently without criticizing\", \"Refuse to eat altogether\", \"Ask for something else\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"Which hand should Muslims use for eating?\", \"options\": [\"Left hand\", \"Right hand\", \"Both hands\", \"Either hand\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-28T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-28T12:00:00.000Z"
        },
        {
          "id": "mg_islamic-manners-mod-3",
          "courseId": "mg_islamic-manners",
          "order": 3,
          "title": "Manners of Speaking: Guarding the Tongue",
          "slug": "manners-of-speaking",
          "keyTakeaway": "The tongue is the most powerful limb — it can lead to Jannah or Jahannam. Islamic adab teaches us to speak good or remain silent.",
          "duration": 4,
          "content": "# Manners of Speaking: Guarding the Tongue\n\nOne of the most important aspects of Islamic character is controlling what we say. The Prophet ﷺ said: *\"Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day, let him speak good or remain silent.\"* (Bukhari and Muslim) This single principle, if followed, would eliminate most conflicts and sins.\n\n## The Power of the Tongue\n\nThe tongue is small but incredibly powerful. With it:\n- You can testify to faith and enter Islam.\n- You can make dhikr and earn mountains of reward.\n- You can reconcile between people and build communities.\n- BUT — with it you can also slander, backbite, lie, mock, and destroy relationships.\n\nThe Prophet ﷺ said: *\"Nothing lands a person in the Hellfire on their face more than the harvest of their tongue.\"*\n\n## Prohibited Speech\n\n1. **Backbiting (Ghibah)** — mentioning your brother or sister in a way they would dislike, even if true.\n2. **Slander (Buhtan)** — saying something false about someone.\n3. **Lying (Kadhib)** — the Prophet ﷺ said lying leads to sin, and sin leads to Hellfire.\n4. **Mocking and ridiculing** — Allah says in Surah al-Hujurat: *\"Let not a people mock another people; perhaps they may be better than them.\"*\n5. **Excessive speech without benefit** — the Prophet ﷺ said: *\"Part of the beauty of a person's Islam is leaving that which does not concern him.\"*\n\n## Recommended Speech\n\n1. **Speaking the truth** — even if it is bitter. The Prophet ﷺ never lied.\n2. **Speaking kindly** — especially to parents, elders, and spouses.\n3. **Saying good words** — a good word is charity (Sadaqah).\n4. **Making dhikr** — the best speech is the remembrance of Allah.\n5. **Reconciling between people** — this is one of the best forms of speech.\n\n## The Etiquette of Conversation\n\n- **Listen more than you speak** — Allah gave you two ears and one tongue.\n- **Don't interrupt others** — let them finish before responding.\n- **Lower your voice** — Allah says: *\"And be moderate in your tone, for the harshest of sounds is the braying of a donkey.\"* (Quran 31:19)\n- **Avoid argumentation** — the Prophet ﷺ guaranteed a house in Paradise for those who abandon arguing even when they are right.\n- **Don't gossip or spread rumors** — even if they are true, it may harm others.\n\n## Practical Tips\n\n- Before speaking, ask yourself: *Is it true? Is it necessary? Is it kind?*\n- If you feel the urge to backbite, change the subject or walk away.\n- Make it a habit to say *\"Astaghfirullah\"* whenever you catch yourself in vain or harmful speech.\n\n**Your tongue is the rudder of your soul. Guide it with wisdom, and it will steer you to Jannah.**",
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/islamic-manners-adab/module-03.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"What did the Prophet ﷺ say about believing in Allah and the Last Day?\", \"options\": [\"Pray all night\", \"Speak good or remain silent\", \"Give all wealth in charity\", \"Perform Hajj every year\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What is Ghibah (backbiting)?\", \"options\": [\"Lying about someone\", \"Mentioning someone in a way they would dislike, even if true\", \"Speaking loudly\", \"Forgetting to say Salam\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What reward is promised for abandoning arguments even when you are right?\", \"options\": [\"Wealth in this life\", \"A house in Paradise\", \"A long life\", \"Leadership in the community\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What does the Quran compare a harsh, loud voice to?\", \"options\": [\"The roar of a lion\", \"The braying of a donkey\", \"The crashing of thunder\", \"The howling of wind\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-28T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-28T12:00:00.000Z"
        },
        {
          "id": "mg_islamic-manners-mod-4",
          "courseId": "mg_islamic-manners",
          "order": 4,
          "title": "Manners of the Mosque: Etiquette in the House of Allah",
          "slug": "manners-of-the-mosque",
          "keyTakeaway": "The mosque is the house of Allah and demands the highest level of respect, cleanliness, focus, and reverence from those who enter it.",
          "duration": 4,
          "content": "# Manners of the Mosque: Etiquette in the House of Allah\n\nThe mosque (masjid) is the most beloved piece of land to Allah. It is a sanctuary of peace, worship, and community. When we enter the mosque, we are guests in the house of Allah, and guests must observe proper etiquette.\n\n## Before Entering the Mosque\n\n1. **Wear clean, modest clothing** — you are visiting the King of kings. Dress as you would for an audience with royalty, for indeed you are standing before Allah.\n2. **Apply perfume** (for men) — the Prophet ﷺ loved good fragrance.\n3. **Do not eat strong-smelling food** — such as raw onion or garlic — before coming. The Prophet ﷺ said: *\"Whoever eats garlic or onion should keep away from the mosque.\"*\n4. **Make wudu (ablution)** before coming — it is better to be in a state of purity.\n\n## The Dua for Entering the Mosque\n\nStep in with your **right foot** first and say:\n\n*\"Bismillah, Allahumma iftah li abwaba rahmatik.\"*\n\n— \"In the name of Allah. O Allah, open for me the doors of Your mercy.\"\n\n## Etiquette Inside the Mosque\n\n1. **Pray two rak'ahs of Tahiyyat al-Masjid** (greeting the mosque) before sitting down, unless it's a prohibited time.\n2. **Sit calmly and quietly** — avoid loud conversations, laughing boisterously, or engaging in worldly talk. The mosque is for worship, not for socializing.\n3. **Don't pass in front of someone praying** — if you must, place a sutrah (barrier) in front of you.\n4. **Don't crack your knuckles** — this is disliked in the mosque.\n5. **Fill the front rows first** — arriving early and sitting close to the imam brings greater reward.\n6. **Keep the mosque clean** — do not litter, and pick up any trash you see.\n\n## The Dua for Leaving the Mosque\n\nStep out with your **left foot** first and say:\n\n*\"Bismillah, Allahumma inni as'aluka min fadlik.\"*\n\n— \"In the name of Allah. O Allah, I ask You from Your bounty.\"\n\n## Children in the Mosque\n\n- Bring children but teach them proper behavior.\n- If they are crying or causing disturbance, take them out until they calm down.\n- The Prophet ﷺ carried his granddaughter Umamah while leading prayer, showing that children are welcome when properly managed.\n\n## Mobile Phones\n\n- **Silence your phone** before entering the mosque.\n- A ringing phone during prayer or the sermon disrupts everyone's concentration.\n- This is a matter of respect and focus.\n\n**The mosque is a sanctuary (haram) of peace. When you enter, leave the world outside and focus entirely on your connection with Allah.**",
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/islamic-manners-adab/module-04.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"Which foot should you step with when entering the mosque?\", \"options\": [\"Left foot\", \"Right foot\", \"Both feet simultaneously\", \"It doesn't matter\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What prayer should you offer upon entering the mosque before sitting?\", \"options\": [\"Two rak'ahs of Tahiyyat al-Masjid\", \"Four rak'ahs of Sunnah\", \"One rak'ah of Witr\", \"Sajdah of thanks\"], \"correctIndex\": 0}, {\"question\": \"What should be done with mobile phones when entering the mosque?\", \"options\": [\"Leave them on for emergencies\", \"Silence them\", \"Keep playing audio on speaker\", \"Answer calls quietly inside\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What did the Prophet ﷺ say about someone who eats raw onion or garlic?\", \"options\": [\"It is recommended\", \"They should keep away from the mosque\", \"They should eat more of it\", \"It has no effect\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-28T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-28T12:00:00.000Z"
        },
        {
          "id": "mg_islamic-manners-mod-5",
          "courseId": "mg_islamic-manners",
          "order": 5,
          "title": "Manners with Parents: The Path to Paradise",
          "slug": "manners-with-parents",
          "keyTakeaway": "Being dutiful and kind to parents is the greatest deed after prayer itself, and it is the key to Allah's pleasure and Paradise.",
          "duration": 4,
          "content": "# Manners with Parents: The Path to Paradise\n\nIn Islam, the rights of parents come immediately after the rights of Allah. Time and again, the Quran pairs worshipping Allah with kindness to parents. This is not a coincidence — honoring parents is the practical manifestation of gratitude to the Creator.\n\n## The Quran's Command\n\nAllah says: *\"And your Lord has decreed that you not worship except Him, and to parents, good treatment. Whether one or both of them reach old age [while] with you, say not to them [so much as] 'uff,' and do not repel them but speak to them a noble word.\"* (Quran 17:23)\n\nNotice the progression:\n1. Do not even say **\"uff\"** (the slightest expression of annoyance).\n2. Do not **repel** them (push them away or ignore them).\n3. Speak to them a **noble word** (kind, respectful, honorific).\n\n## The Prophet's Teaching\n\nA man came to the Prophet ﷺ and asked: *\"O Messenger of Allah, who is the most deserving of my good company?\"*\n\nThe Prophet ﷺ replied: **\"Your mother.\"**\nThe man asked: *\"Then who?\"*\nThe Prophet: **\"Your mother.\"**\nThe man: *\"Then who?\"*\nThe Prophet: **\"Your mother.\"**\nThe man: *\"Then who?\"*\nThe Prophet: **\"Your father.\"**\n\n*(Bukhari and Muslim)*\n\nThe mother is given three times the priority over the father because of the hardship of pregnancy, childbirth, and nursing.\n\n## Adab with Parents\n\n### What to Do\n- **Obey them** in everything that is not sinful (no obedience to creation in disobedience to the Creator).\n- **Speak gently and respectfully** — lower your voice, smile, and choose kind words.\n- **Serve them willingly** — bring them food, help with chores, drive them where they need to go.\n- **Seek their dua** — a parent's dua for their child is accepted.\n- **Keep in touch** — visit them, call them, ask about their health.\n- **Spend on them** if they are in need.\n\n### What to Avoid\n- **Raising your voice** at them or speaking harshly.\n- **Rolling your eyes** or showing impatience (even subtle gestures are noticed).\n- **Ignoring them** — busyness is not an excuse to neglect parents.\n- **Reminding them of your favors** — *\"I did this for you, I gave you that...\"*\n- **Preferring your spouse or children over them** in a way that dishonors them.\n\n## Even After Their Passing\n\n- Make dua for them: *\"Rabbi irhamhuma kama rabbayani saghira.\"* — \"My Lord, have mercy on them as they raised me when I was small.\"\n- Give charity on their behalf — it benefits them in the grave.\n- Maintain ties with their friends and relatives.\n- Continue the good deeds they used to do.\n\n## The Greatest Reward\n\nThe Prophet ﷺ said: *\"Paradise lies at the feet of mothers.\"* (Ahmad, Nasa'i)\n\nMeaning: The path to Paradise runs through serving and honoring your parents, especially your mother.\n\n**Your parents were there when no one else was. They wiped your tears, fed you, dressed you, and loved you unconditionally. Now it is your turn to be there for them with patience, love, and gratitude.**",
          "audioPath": "/audio/learn/islamic-manners-adab/module-05.mp3",
          "quizData": "[{\"question\": \"According to the Quran (17:23), what is the minimum standard of speech toward parents?\", \"options\": [\"Speak loudly and clearly\", \"Do not say even 'uff' and speak noble words\", \"Speak only when spoken to\", \"Use formal titles at all times\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"How many times did the Prophet ﷺ say 'Your mother' when asked who deserves the best companionship?\", \"options\": [\"Once\", \"Twice\", \"Three times\", \"Five times\"], \"correctIndex\": 2}, {\"question\": \"What does 'Paradise lies at the feet of mothers' mean?\", \"options\": [\"Mothers are buried in Paradise\", \"Serving mothers is a path to Paradise\", \"Only mothers go to Paradise\", \"Mothers must physically carry you to Paradise\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}, {\"question\": \"What can children do for parents after they have passed away?\", \"options\": [\"Nothing — it's too late\", \"Make dua and give charity on their behalf\", \"Only visit their grave once\", \"Move on and forget about them\"], \"correctIndex\": 1}]",
          "createdAt": "2026-06-28T08:00:00.000Z",
          "updatedAt": "2026-06-28T12:00:00.000Z"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}